Struts2 Hibernate集成示例教程
Struts2和Hibernate都是各自领域中广泛使用的框架。今天我们将学习如何将Struts2 Web应用程序框架与Hibernate ORM框架集成。
目录[ 隐藏 ]
- 1 Struts2 Hibernate
Struts2 Hibernate
与Spring Hibernate Integration不同，我们可以使用Struts2框架提供的插件。所以我们需要使用Servlet Listener来管理Hibernate SessionFactory。
让我们看看如何将Struts2与Hibernate集成在一个简单的Web应用程序示例中。
我们的最终项目结构如下图所示，我们将逐一查看每个组件。首先在Eclipse中创建“动态Web项目”，然后将其转换为maven项目，以便为我们的Web应用程序准备好基本框架。
Struts2 Hibernate示例数据库设置
我们将创建一个登录应用程序，在认证之后，用户将出现在欢迎页面，其中将显示他的所有信息。SQL脚本下面将创建所需的表并插入我们将用于身份验证的数据。
setup.sql
CREATE TABLE `User` (
`user_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`password` varchar(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`name` varchar(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`email` varchar(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `User` (`user_id`, `password`, `name`, `email`)
VALUES
('pankaj', 'pankaj123', 'Pankaj Kumar', 'pankaj@journaldev.com');
Struts2，Hibernate和MySQL Maven依赖项
我们需要在pom.xml文件中添加Struts2，Hibernate和MySQL maven依赖项，最终的pom.xml文件如下所示。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Struts2Hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>Struts2Hibernate</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.15.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
</build>
</project>
我们使用Hibernate 4作为示例，但是同样的代码也适用于Hibernate 3。虽然你可能需要做一些配置hibernate 3的具体更改。
Struts2 Hibernate示例部署描述符
我们需要通过应用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter部署描述符在我们的Web应用程序中插入Struts2框架。
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>Struts2Hibernate</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.listener.HibernateServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
请注意，HibernateServletContextListener将用于管理Hibernate SessionFactory，稍后我们将查看它的代码。
实体Bean
我们的实体bean也可以作为struts2动作类模型bean使用，如下所示。
User.java
package com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.model;
public class User {
private String id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
private String email;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString(){
return "Name= "+name+", Email= "+email;
}
}
我正在使用基于XML的映射，但我们也可以为我们的实体bean使用基于JPA注释的映射。
Hibernate DAO实现类
我们的UserDAO接口声明将为User实体bean公开的方法。
UserDAO.java
package com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.dao;
import com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.model.User;
public interface UserDAO {
User getUserByCredentials(String userId, String password);
}
Hibernate特定的DAO实现如下所示。
UserDAOImpl.java
package com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.dao;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.model.User;
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
private SessionFactory sf;
public UserDAOImpl(SessionFactory sf){
this.sf = sf;
}
@Override
public User getUserByCredentials(String userId, String password) {
Session session = sf.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("from User where id=:id and pwd=:pwd");
query.setString("id", userId); query.setString("pwd", password);
User user = (User) query.uniqueResult();
if(user != null){
System.out.println("User Retrieved from DB::"+user);
}
tx.commit();session.close();
return user;
}
}
Servlet上下文侦听器
我们将SessionFactory在ServletContextListener实现中初始化Hibernate ，当应用程序停止时，我们将销毁SessionFactory。
HibernateServletContextListener.java
package com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.listener;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class HibernateServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
SessionFactory sf = (SessionFactory) sce.getServletContext().getAttribute("SessionFactory");
sf.close();
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
URL url = HibernateServletContextListener.class.getResource("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
Configuration config = new Configuration();
config.configure(url);
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(config.getProperties()).build();
SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
sce.getServletContext().setAttribute("SessionFactory", sf);
}
}
Struts2 Action类
我们的hibernate特定设置已经准备就绪，让我们继续使用Struts2动作类。
LoginAction.java
package com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.dao.UserDAO;
import com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.dao.UserDAOImpl;
import com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.model.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
public class LoginAction implements Action, ModelDriven<User>, ServletContextAware {
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
SessionFactory sf = (SessionFactory) ctx.getAttribute("SessionFactory");
UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl(sf);
User userDB = userDAO.getUserByCredentials(user.getId(), user.getPwd());
if(userDB == null) return ERROR;
else {
user.setEmail(userDB.getEmail());
user.setName(userDB.getName());
return SUCCESS;
}
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
private User user = new User();
private ServletContext ctx;
@Override
public void setServletContext(ServletContext sc) {
this.ctx = sc;
}
}
Struts2，Hibernate配置和Hibernate Mapping XML
我们在Struts2配置文件中有以下URI配置。
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
<constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/"></constant>
<package name="user" namespace="/User" extends="struts-default">
<action name="home">
<result>/login.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="login" class="com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.action.LoginAction">
<result name="success">/welcome.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Hibernate配置文件如下所示。
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection properties - Driver, URL, user, password -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/TestDB</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">pankaj</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">pankaj123</property>
<!-- Connection Pool Size -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">1</property>
<!-- org.hibernate.HibernateException: No CurrentSessionContext configured! -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCacheProvider</property>
<!-- Outputs the SQL queries, should be disabled in Production -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Dialect is required to let Hibernate know the Database Type, MySQL, Oracle etc
Hibernate 4 automatically figure out Dialect from Database Connection Metadata -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- mapping file, we can use Bean annotations too -->
<mapping resource="User.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
Hibernate Mapping XML文件如下所示。
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.journaldev.struts2hibernate.model.User" table="USER">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="USER_ID" />
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="NAME" />
</property>
<property name="pwd" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="PASSWORD" />
</property>
<property name="email" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="EMAIL" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Struts2查看页面
从struts2配置文件中可以看到，我们有三个视图页面。它们是简单的页面，如下所示。
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
pageEncoding="US-ASCII"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%-- Using Struts2 Tags in JSP --%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Welcome User, please login below</h3>
<s:form action="login">
<s:textfield name="id" label="User ID"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="pwd" label="Password" type="password"></s:textfield>
<s:submit value="Login"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
welcome.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
pageEncoding="US-ASCII"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Welcome Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Welcome <s:property value="name"></s:property></h3>
<h3>Your id is <s:property value="id"></s:property></h3>
<h3>Your password is <s:property value="pwd"></s:property></h3>
<h3>Your email id is <s:property value="email"></s:property></h3>
</body>
</html>
error.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
pageEncoding="US-ASCII"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>User Name or Password is wrong</h4>
<s:include value="login.jsp"></s:include>
</body>
</html>
Struts2 Hibernate应用程序测试
我们的应用程序已准备好，构建并将其部署到您最喜欢的servlet容器中，您应该获得如下图像的响应页面。
Struts2 Hibernate登录页面
Struts2 Hibernate欢迎页面
Struts2 Hibernate登录错误页面
您还会注意到服务器日志文件中的hibernate查询和其他日志。
Hibernate: select user0_.USER_ID as USER_ID1_0_, user0_.NAME as NAME2_0_, user0_.PASSWORD as PASSWORD3_0_, user0_.EMAIL as EMAIL4_0_ from USER user0_ where user0_.USER_ID=? and user0_.PASSWORD=?
User Retrieved from DB::Name= Pankaj Kumar, Email= pankaj@journaldev.com
Struts2 Hibernate集成摘要
本教程旨在提供有关Struts2和Hibernate集成的详细信息，以便您可以开始使用。正如您所看到的，Servlet Context Listener使其易于集成。您可以从下面的链接下载最终项目。
转载来源：https://www.journaldev.com/3557/struts2-hibernate-integration-example-tutorial
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