cocos2d-x 问题集。

1、源代码里的do{}while(0)

今天写到一个代码：

	if(!CCScene::init())
	{
		return false;
	}

后来就去看源代码：

bool CCScene::init()
{
    bool bRet = false;
     do 
     {
         CCDirector * pDirector;
         CC_BREAK_IF( ! (pDirector = CCDirector::sharedDirector()) );
         this->setContentSize(pDirector->getWinSize());
         // success
         bRet = true;
     } while (0);
     return bRet;
}

看后，我就奇怪，do{}while(0)不就是执行一次么，是什么意思？

后来百度，得到如下最佳解释：

FAQ FROM CSDN:

FAQ/DoWhile0

Why do a lot of #defines in the kernel use do { ... } while(0)?

There are a couple of reasons:

• (from Dave Miller) Empty statements give a warning from the compiler so this is why you see #define FOO do { } while(0).

• (from Dave Miller) It gives you a basic block in which to declare local variables.

• (from Ben Collins) It allows you to use more complex macros in conditional code. Imagine a macro of several lines of code like:

  #define FOO(x) /
          printf("arg is %s/n", x); /
          do_something_useful(x);
  

  Now imagine using it like:

  if (blah == 2)
          FOO(blah);
  

  This interprets to:

  if (blah == 2)
          printf("arg is %s/n", blah);
          do_something_useful(blah);;
  

  As you can see, the if then only encompasses the printf(), and the do_something_useful() call is unconditional (not within the scope of the if), like you wanted it. So, by using a block likedo { ... } while(0), you would get this:

  if (blah == 2)
          do {
                  printf("arg is %s/n", blah);
                  do_something_useful(blah);
          } while (0);
  

  Which is exactly what you want.

• (from Per Persson) As both Miller and Collins point out, you want a block statement so you can have several lines of code and declare local variables. But then the natural thing would be to just use for example:

  #define exch(x,y) { int tmp; tmp=x; x=y; y=tmp; }
  

  However that wouldn't work in some cases. The following code is meant to be an if-statement with two branches:

  if (x > y)
          exch(x,y);          // Branch 1
  else  
          do_something();     // Branch 2
  

  But it would be interpreted as an if-statement with only one branch:

  if (x > y) {                // Single-branch if-statement!!!
          int tmp;            // The one and only branch consists
          tmp = x;            // of the block.
          x = y;
          y = tmp;
  }
  ;                           // empty statement
  else                        // ERROR!!! "parse error before else"
          do_something();
  

  The problem is the semi-colon (;) coming directly after the block. The solution for this is to sandwich the block between do and while (0). Then we have a single statement with the capabilities of a block, but not considered as being a block statement by the compiler. Our if-statement now becomes:

  if (x > y)
          do {
                  int tmp;
                  tmp = x;
                  x = y;
                  y = tmp;
          } while(0);
  else
          do_something();

总的来说，解决了代码使用宏定义时，要无误嵌套的目的。

虽然上述代码没能很好地体现，但在源代码里的大多数宏定义的地方，都是使用了do{}while(0)的结构：

#define CC_SAFE_DELETE(p)            do { if(p) { delete (p); (p) = 0; } } while(0)
#define CC_SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY(p)     do { if(p) { delete[] (p); (p) = 0; } } while(0)
#define CC_SAFE_FREE(p)                do { if(p) { free(p); (p) = 0; } } while(0)
#define CC_SAFE_RELEASE(p)            do { if(p) { (p)->release(); } } while(0)
#define CC_SAFE_RELEASE_NULL(p)        do { if(p) { (p)->release(); (p) = 0; } } while(0)
#define CC_SAFE_RETAIN(p)            do { if(p) { (p)->retain(); } } while(0)

2、纯虚函数 virtual=0

       在看代码的时候，发现C++中有不少地方使用到了纯虚函数等于0的。我觉得这样的意思是在其声明类中无需实现，需要在子类中实现，类似Java的接口。

       后来，百度得到答案如下：

------------>

       在C++中的一种函数申明被称之为：纯虚函数(pure virtual function).它的申明格式如下：

       class CShape

       {

       public:

            virtual void Show()  =0;

       };

       注意红色部分，在普通的虚函数后面加上"  =0"这样就声明了一个pure virtual function.

 

           在什么情况下使用纯虚函数(pure vitrual function)?

       1，当想在基类中抽象出一个方法，且该基类只做能被继承，而不能被实例化；

       2，这个方法必须在派生类(derived class)中被实现；

       （原文请参看： http://www.oschina.net/question/565065_86228）

< ------------

      

        综上答案：也就如我的猜测一样，类似Java的接口方法一样，其所在类只能被继承（C++中不存在implements），且该方法必须在派生类中被实现。