38381415125 鲍安狄 15移动本
实验目的和要求
1、熟悉类的定义格式和类中成员的访问权限。
2、构造函数与析构函数的调用时机与顺序。
3、掌握对象的定义以及对象的初始化的时机与方法。
实验内容
1、下面程序sy3_1.cpp中用ERROR标明的语句有错吧,在不删除和增加代码行的情况下,改正错误语句,使其正确运行。
运行程序如下:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Aa
{
public:
Aa(int i=0){a=i;cout<<"Constructor"<<a<<endl;}
~Aa(){cout<<"Destructor"<<a<<endl;}
void print(){cout<<a<<endl;}
private:
int a;
};
int main()
{
Aa a1(1),a2(2);
a1.print();
cout<<a2.a<<endl;//ERROR
return 0;
}
错误:
修改:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Aa
{
public:
Aa(int i=0){a=i;cout<<"Constructor"<<a<<endl;}
~Aa(){cout<<"Destructor"<<a<<endl;}
void print(){cout<<a<<endl;}
private:
int a;
};
int main()
{
Aa a1(1),a2(2);
a1.print();
a2.print();
return 0;
}
结果:
2、调试下列程序:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class TPoint
{
public:
TPoint(int x=0,int y=0){X=x,Y=y;}
TPoint(TPoint &p);
~TPoint(){cout<<"Destructor is called\n";}
int getx(){return X;}
int gety(){return Y;}
private:
int X,Y;
};
TPoint::TPoint(TPoint &p)
{
X=p.X;
Y=p.Y;
cout<<"Copy-initialization Constructor is called\n";
}
int main()
{
TPoint p1(4,9);
TPoint p2(p1);
TPoint p3=p2;
TPoint p4,p5(2);
cout<<"p3=("<<p3.getx()<<","<<p3.gety()<<")\n";
return 0;
}
在程序中,将TPoint类的带有两个参数的构造函数进行修改,在函数体内增添下述语句:
cout<<"Constructor is called\n";
(1)写出程序的输出结果,并解释输出结果;
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class TPoint
{
public:
TPoint(int x=0,int y=0){X=x,Y=y;}
TPoint(TPoint &p);
~TPoint(){cout<<"Destructor is called\n";}
int getx(){return X;}
int gety(){return Y;}
private:
int X,Y;
};
TPoint::TPoint(TPoint &p)
{
X=p.X;
Y=p.Y;
cout<<"Constructor is called\n";
cout<<"Copy-initialization Constructor is called\n";
}
int main()
{
TPoint p1(4,9);
TPoint p2(p1);
TPoint p3=p2;
TPoint p4,p5(2);
cout<<"p3=("<<p3.getx()<<","<<p3.gety()<<")\n";
return 0;
}
结果:
(2)按下列要求进行调试:
在主函数体内,添加下列说明语句:
TPoint p4,p5(2);
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class TPoint
{
public:
TPoint(int x,int y){X=x,Y=y;}
TPoint(TPoint &p);
~TPoint(){cout<<"Destructor is called\n";}
int getx(){return X;}
int gety(){return Y;}
private:
int X,Y;
};
TPoint::TPoint(TPoint &p)
{
X=p.X;
Y=p.Y;
cout<<"Copy-initialization Constructor is called\n";
cout<<"Constructor is called\n";
}
int main()
{
TPoint P4,P5(2);
TPoint p1(4,9);
TPoint p2(p1);
TPoint p3=p2;
cout<<"p3=("<<p3.getx()<<","<<p3.gety()<<")\n";
return 0;
}
调试程序会出现什么现象?为什么?如何解决?(提示:对已有的构造函数进行适当修改)结合运行结果分析如何使用不同的构造函数创建不同的对象。
为什么:因为在类中没有定义不带参数和带一个参数的构造函数;
如何解决:将带两个参数的构造函数改为缺省的构造函数,就是可以将TPoint(int x,int y)改为TPoint(int x=0,int y=0) ; 在运行过程中,TPoint p1(4,9)和TPoint p4,p5(2);调用了构造函数,而TPoint p2(p1)和TPoint p3=p2是使用了拷贝构造函数。如下所示:
- #include<iostream>
- using namespace std;
- class TPoint
- {
- public:
- TPoint(int x=0,int y=0){X=x,Y=y;}
- TPoint(TPoint &p);
- ~TPoint(){cout<<"Destructor is called\n";}
- int getx(){return X;}
- int gety(){return Y;}
- private:
- int X,Y;
- };
- TPoint::TPoint(TPoint &p)
- {
- X=p.X;
- Y=p.Y;
- cout<<"Copy-initialization Constructor is called\n";
- cout<<"Constructor is called\n";
- }
- int main()
- {
- TPoint P4,P5(2);
- TPoint p1(4,9);
- TPoint p2(p1);
- TPoint p3=p2;
- cout<<"p3=("<<p3.getx()<<","<<p3.gety()<<")\n";
- return 0;
- }
结果:
3、对教材中Li3_11.cpp的主函数做如下修改:
(1)将Heapclass *pa1,*pa2 改为Heapclass *pa1,*pa2,*pa3;
(2)在语句pa2=new Heapclass 后增加语句pa3=new Heapclass(5);
(3)将语句 if(!pa1||!pa2) 改为if(!pa1||!pa2||!pa3)
(4)在语句delete pa2 后增加语句delete pa3;
写出程序的输出结果,并解释输出结果。
程序如下:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Heapclass
{
public:
Heapclass(int x);
Heapclass();
~Heapclass();
private:
int i;
};
Heapclass::Heapclass(int x)
{
i=x;
cout<<"Contstructor is called. "<<i<<endl;
}
Heapclass::Heapclass()
{
cout<<"Default Contstructor is called."<<endl;
}
Heapclass::~Heapclass()
{
cout<<"Default is called."<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Heapclass *pa1,*pa2,*pa3;
pa1=new Heapclass(4);
pa2=new Heapclass;
pa3=new Heapclass(5);
if(!pa1||!pa2||!pa3)
{
cout<<"Out of Mcmory!"<<endl;
return 0;
}
cout<<"Exit main"<<endl;
delete pa1;
delete pa2;
delete pa3;
return 0;
}
结果:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle
{
public:
Rectangle()
{
len=0;
wid=0;
}
Rectangle(double Len,double Wid)
{
len=Len;
wid=Wid;
}
double Circumference()
{
return 2*(len+wid);
}
double Area()
{
return len*wid;
}
double getl()
{
return len;
}
double getw()
{
return wid;
}
void charge(double a,double b)
{
len=a;
wid=b;
}
void s()
{
cout<<"length:"<<len<<" "<<"width:"<<wid<<endl;
}
private:
int len,wid;
};
int main()
{
Rectangle q;
Rectangle h(5.0,2.0);
cout<<"q的矩形尺寸:"<<endl;
q.s();
cout<<"h的矩形尺寸:"<<endl;
h.s();
cout<<"h的周长:"<<h.Circumference()<<endl;
cout<<"h的面积:"<<h.Area()<<endl;
cout<<"h的长度:"<<h.getl()<<endl;
cout<<"h的宽度:"<<h.getw()<<endl;
h.charge(8.0,6.0);
cout<<"修改后的矩形的尺寸:"<<endl;
h.s();
return 0;
}
结果:
1、类中私有成员的访问权限。
答:私有成员是被隐藏的数据,只有该类的成员函数或友元函数才可以引用它。
2、构造函数与析构函数的调用顺序。
答:构造函数在创建对象的时候被调用,析构函数在释放对象的时候被调用,释放由构造函数分配的内存,构造函数与析构函数的调用顺序正好相反。
3、何时进行对象初始化?如何进行?(提示:注意分一般对象和堆对象讨论)
答:一般对象:在对象创建时进行初始化,可以用构造函数或拷贝函数进行初始化。
堆对象:使用运算符new分配内存,调用构造函数来进行初始化。
总结:
感觉越来越难了,相比c语言的话,感觉c++还要更难学一点,多做多练!