Java多线程01_创建线程三种方式

线程

程序是指令、数据的有序集合，是静态的概念

进程是执行程序的一次执行过程，是动态概念

一个进程中可包含多个线程，java中有两个默认线程：main线程 和 gc线程

线程是CPU调度和执行的单位

---

线程创建1：继承Thread类（不推荐，避免OOP单继承局限性）

创建线程：继承Thread类，重写run方法
    
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
			System.out.println("线程1............");
		}
	}
    
}


运行线程：创建对象，调用start方法
    
public class Test01 {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		TestThread1 thread1 = new TestThread1();
		thread1.start();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
			System.out.println("main线程..........");
		}
	}
	
}

示例：多线程下载网络图片

依赖包：
<dependency>
	<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
	<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
	<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>

public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
	
	private String url;
	private String name;
	
	public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
		this.url=url;
		this.name=name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
		webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
		System.out.println("下载完成"+ name);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String a = "https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1598452051882&di=2c0925ea23483ac6c49affd40cbfb419&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fx0.ifengimg.com%2Fucms%2F2019_42%2FB575B6769D2A535CCB8186FB971B65DF853D14A0_w1620_h810.jpg";
		TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2(a,"1.jpg");
		TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2(a,"2.jpg");
		TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2(a,"3.jpg");
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		
	}
}

class WebDownloader {
	
	public void downloader(String url, String name) {
		try {
			FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}

线程创建2：实现Runnable接口（推荐，避免单继承局限性，灵活，方便同一对象被多个线程使用）

创建线程：实现Runnable接口，实现run方法
开启线程：创建自定义的线程对象和Thread类对象，将自定义的线程对象传入Thread类构造，调用start方法
源码：Thread类实现了Runnable接口

public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
			System.out.println("实现Runnable接口的线程......");
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
		new Thread(testThread3).start();
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
			System.out.println("main线程.............");
		}
		
	}
}

示例修改：多线程下载网络图片

public class TestThread2 implements Runnable{
	
	private String url;
	private String name;
	
	public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
		this.url=url;
		this.name=name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
		webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
		System.out.println("下载完成"+ name);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String a = "https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1598452051882&di=2c0925ea23483ac6c49affd40cbfb419&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fx0.ifengimg.com%2Fucms%2F2019_42%2FB575B6769D2A535CCB8186FB971B65DF853D14A0_w1620_h810.jpg";
		TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2(a,"1.jpg");
		TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2(a,"2.jpg");
		TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2(a,"3.jpg");
		new Thread(t1).start;
		new Thread(t2).start;
		new Thread(t3).start;
		
	}
}

class WebDownloader {
	
	public void downloader(String url, String name) {
		try {
			FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}

多个线程同时操作同一个对象示例：抢票
问题：多个线程同时操作同一资源时，线程不安全，出现数据紊乱现象

public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
	
	private int ticketNums = 10;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(true) {
			if(ticketNums<=0) {
				break;
			}
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			int num = 11-ticketNums;
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+num+"张票");
			ticketNums--;
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		TestThread4 testThread4 = new TestThread4();
		new Thread(testThread4,"张三").start();
		new Thread(testThread4,"李四").start();
		new Thread(testThread4,"王五").start();
	}
}

李四拿到了第1张票
王五拿到了第1张票
张三拿到了第1张票
张三拿到了第4张票
王五拿到了第4张票
李四拿到了第4张票
王五拿到了第7张票
张三拿到了第7张票
李四拿到了第7张票
张三拿到了第10张票
王五拿到了第10张票
李四拿到了第10张票

线程创建3：实现Callable接口（了解即可）

创建线程：实现Callable接口，实现call()方法
运行线程：创建线程池，提交执行线程对象，获取结果，关闭线程池

public class TestThread5 implements Callable<Boolean>{
	
	private String url;
	private String name;
	
	public TestThread5(String url, String name) {
		this.url=url;
		this.name=name;
	}

	@Override
	public Boolean call() throws Exception {
		WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
		webDownloader .downloader(url, name);
		System.out.println("下载完成"+ name);
		return true;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
		String a = "https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1598452051882&di=2c0925ea23483ac6c49affd40cbfb419&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fx0.ifengimg.com%2Fucms%2F2019_42%2FB575B6769D2A535CCB8186FB971B65DF853D14A0_w1620_h810.jpg";
		TestThread5 t1 = new TestThread5(a,"1.jpg");
		TestThread5 t2 = new TestThread5(a,"2.jpg");
		TestThread5 t3 = new TestThread5(a,"3.jpg");
		//创建执行服务
		ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
		//提交执行
		Future<Boolean> result1 = threadPool.submit(t1);
		Future<Boolean> result2 = threadPool.submit(t2);
		Future<Boolean> result3 = threadPool.submit(t3);
		//获取结果
		Boolean r1 = result1.get();
		Boolean r2 = result2.get();
		Boolean r3 = result3.get();
		System.out.println(r1);
		System.out.println(r2);
		System.out.println(r3);
		//关闭服务
		threadPool.shutdownNow();
		
	}
	
}

class WebDownloader {
	
	public void downloader(String url, String name) {
		try {
			FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}

Lambda表达式

避免匿名内部类定义过多
让代码更简洁

函数式接口：只包含唯一一个抽象方法的接口叫函数式接口

public interface Runnable{
	public abstract void run();
}

传统方式：

public class TestLambda {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ILike like = new Like();
		like.lambda();
	}
}

//定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
	void lambda();
}

//实现类
class Like implements ILike{

	@Override
	public void lambda() {
		System.out.println("I like lambda");
	}
	
}

使用Lambda表达式：

public class TestLambda {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ILike like = ()->{
			System.out.println("I like lambda2");
		};
		like.lambda();
	}
}

//定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
	void lambda();
}