Spring-mvc基本配置

基本配置

1. jar
   spring常规包
   spring-web
   spring-mvc

2. 配置文件
   spring-mvc自带一个servlet，用它拦截所有请求

springMVC.xml（默认位置：WEB-INF/< servlet-name>的值-servlet.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器：InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 给controller返回值加上前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/view/"/>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml

<!-- 配置spring-mvc的servlet：DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <init-param>
    <!-- 配置SpringMVC.xml位置 不配置即为默认位置 -->
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:SpringMVC.xml</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <!-- 所有jsp请求为.do结尾的都拦截 -->
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  <!-- 也可用 / 拦截一切请求 -->
</servlet-mapping>

controller

@Controller
/*
    类前有RequestMapping jsp: springMvc/welcome.do
    没有 jsp：welcome.do
 */
@RequestMapping("springMvc")
public class SpringMVCController {
    @RequestMapping("welcome.do")//跟jsp的请求一样
    public String welcome(){
        //加上上面配置的前缀和后缀，即访问/view/success.jsp
        return "success";
    }
}

@RequestMapping

/**
 * method：只拦截 post请求
 * params分别只拦截： 有name参数的，没有Sex参数的，age参数=11的，没有father参数或者father参数！=zs的
 * headers为请求头 谷歌 Network中可看各种请求的请求头 cookie等
 */
@RequestMapping(
        value = "springMvc",
        method = RequestMethod.POST ,
        params = {"name" , "!Sex" ,"age=11","father!=zs"},
        headers = {"Accept =text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3"}
)
)

ant风格的请求路径

ant风格的请求路径

？单字符 welcome/a?c/test

* 任意个字符（0或多个字符，但不能多目录）welcome/*/test  

** 任意目录（可多目录）welcome/**/test  

注解取值（例子）

REST风格@PathVariable取值：

@RequestMapping("welcome.do/{name}")//jsp: welcome.do/张三
public String welcome(@PathVariable("name") String name){
    return "success";
}

jsp中求求路径是"welcome/"+name;
REST风格:将参数变成请求路径的一种风格

REST风格 (普通浏览器设置put/delete)

GET：查
POST：增
PUT：改
DELETE：删

1. jsp

<!-- type和name为固定值，value二选一(必须大写)，请求方式为post -->
< input type ="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE/PUT"/>

2. web.xml

<filter>
  <!-- spring-mvc自带的拦截器 HiddenHttpMethodFilter ，由于某些浏览器不支持delete和put -->
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

@RequestParam取值

@RequestMapping("welcome.do")
//第二个：前端有收前端，前端没有默认23
public String welcome3(@RequestParam("name") String name , @RequestParam(value = "age",required = false,defaultValue = "23")int age){
    return "success";
}

@RequestHeader取头信息

@RequestMapping("welcome2.do")
public String welcome2(@RequestHeader("Accept-Language")String al){
    return "success";
}

@CookieValue取cookie值

@RequestMapping("testCookie.do")
public String testCookie(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID")String jsessionID){
    return "success";
}

实体类取值

控制器：

/**
 *  1. jsp处 input的name 需要跟 student的属性名 一模一样
 *  2. 支持级联设置，即address.schoolAddress
 *  3. 可以用原生态servlet api的对象
 */
@RequestMapping("student.do")
public String getStudent(String name,Student student, HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response){
    return "success";
}

jsp：

```bash
<form action="springMvc/student.do" method="post">
    <!-- 此处name要跟属性名一样 -->
    id:<input name="id" type="text" class="myStyle">
    name:<input name="name" type="text" class="myStyle">
    homeAddress:<input name="address.homeAddress" type="text" class="myStyle">
    schoolAddress:<input name="address.schoolAddress" type="text" class="myStyle">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

静态资源访问

1. springmvc拦截一切请求，所以访问不到对资源的直接请求
2. 配置

<!-- 第一种：会让springmvc拦截到没有配置的请求时用默认servlet处理（一般是直接反问） -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>

<!-- 第二种：配置静态资源的访问映射，此配置中的文件将不被前端控制器拦截 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>

其他配置

常见配置

<!-- 要实现其他的接口，必须实现接口LocalValidatorFactory -->
<!-- LocalValidatorFactoryBean是一个实现类，下面注解会在springmvc容器中加载一个 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>

在配置文件加入返回的view

<!-- viewName会经过视图解析器，该注解会让所有请求转入该注解，忽略RequestMapping -->
<mvc:view-controller path="springMvc/welcome" view-name="success"/>
<!-- 该注解会让RequestMapping和上述配置共存 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>

指定跳转方式

return "forward:/views/success.jsp"
forward：请求转发
redirect：重定向
这种加入方法会让视图解析器不加上前缀后缀

类型转换器 - 自带类型转换器

//既可以接收int，也可以接受String
public String getStudentTest(@PathVariable("id") String id)

类型转换器 - 自定义类型转换器

自定义转换器

//import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
public class MyConverter implements Converter<String, Student> {
    @Override
    public Student convert(String source) {//source:1-zs-23
        Student student = new Student();
        //将该字符串拆分并加入student即可
        return student;
    }
}

springmvc.xml

<!-- 1 将自定义转换器纳入SpringIOC容器 -->
<bean id="myConverter" class="converter.MyConverter"/>

<!-- 2 将myConverter在纳入springmvc提供的转换器bean -->
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
    <property name="converters">
        <set>
            <ref bean="myConverter"/>
        </set>
    </property>
</bean>

<!-- 3 将conversionService注册到annotation-driven中 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>

controller

@RequestMapping("MyConverter.do")
//将前端stu-info里的字符串通过转换器传承Student对象
public String getMyConverter(@RequestParam("stu-info") Student student) {
    return "success";
}

数据格式化

1. springmvc.xml

<!-- 配置数据格式化 注解 所依赖的bean -->
<bean id="formattingConversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="formattingConversionService"/>

2. 实体类（日期格式为演示）

@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")//将前端传来的数据固定为该格式，即不传这个格式会报错
private Date birth

过滤器编码

web.xml

<filter>
  <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>