介绍identity matrices

定义什么叫做identity matrices:
The n x n identity matrix, denoted $I_n$, is a matrix with n rows and n columns. 矩阵里面的元素，从左上角到右下角都是1，剩余的部分都是0.

比如说：
$$I_1=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right],I_2=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$$

任何一个n x n 矩阵跟identity matrices相乘，最后都是得到原来的矩阵。换句话说：
A $\cdot$ I = I $\cdot$ A = A.

比如说：
$$I_1=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right],A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}2& 3\\ 5& 1\end{array}\right],I_1\cdot A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}2& 3\\ 5& 1\end{array}\right]$$

The identity matrix I plays a similar role to what the number 1 plays in the real number system. A $\cdot$ 1 = 1 $\cdot$ A = A.

现在定义什么是multiplicative inverses
两个实数的乘积是乘法恒等式，称为multiplicative inverses. 比如说，$\frac{1}{2}$ $\cdot$ 2 = 1 和 2 $\cdot$ $\frac{1}{2}$ = 1，那么$\frac{1}{2}$ 和2 就是multiplicative inverses.

事实上，all nonzero real numbers have multiplicative inverses.