Django Admin定制

Admin定制: 创建–>注册

列表页定制

list_display = ('title',)  # 显示的字段
list_filter = ()           # 过滤器
list_editable = ('auth',)  # 可编辑字段

list_display_links = ()    # 可点击的链接字段
search_fields = ['title']  # 搜索框
list_per_page = 100        # 每页显示100条
list_max_show_all = 200
ordering = ['-weight']     # 负号表示降序排序

date_hierarchy = 'create_time' # 按时间分层
actions_on_top/bottom=True     # 动作框在顶部显示
action_form = BookActionForm    # ActionForm 追加动作输入框

list_select_related = False # 联表查询是否自动查询,可是布尔,列表或元组,如果是列表或元组,则级联查询指定的字段。注意：列表页默认点击第一个字段可进入编辑页面，该字段不能添加到 list_editable里面，否则会报错

show_full_result_count = True  # 列表页模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式。True是显示条数,False时显示全部

# 自定义搜索选项
search_fields = ['author__first_name__iexact']   # 只能用于CharField或TextField
search_fields = ['^first_name', '^last_name']     #  =区分大小写  ^从开头匹配   默认模糊匹配 
search_fields = ['foreign_key__related_fieldname']

编辑页定制

form = forms.ModelForm  # 为详情页指定form表单,可自定义显示的数据,字段

readonly_fields = ()   # 详情页面的只读字段
fields = None  # 展示的字段
exclude = None # 详情页面排除的字段,字段可是数据库中的也可是自定义的
fieldsets = ((u'基础信息', {'fields': (('id', 'title'), 'book_set'),
                           "classes": ['collapse'] }),    # 默认折叠收起
             )  # 跟fields互斥， 详情页面对数据进行分隔显示,对应到admin模板中的'fieldsets.html'

filter_vertical = () # M2M纵向展示
filter_horizontal = ('book_set', ) # M2M横向展示，多对多批量筛选

save_as = False
save_as_continue = True  # 点击保存并继续编辑
save_on_top = False      # save按钮位置, True则显示在页面上方
paginator = Paginator    # 自定义分页类

preserve_filters = True
inlines = [] # 如果有FK到其他表,在详情页中可动态填加或删除级联数据

动作定制

# ModelAdmin
actions = ['search_books'] 
delete_selected.allowed_permissions = ('change',)   # 动作权限。

模板定制

命令定制并传参

app/management/commands/XX.py目录。执行命令python manage.py XX。

class Command(BaseCommand):
    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument('rank')
    def handle(self, rank, *args, **options):
    	pass

Model

class Meta:
    db_table = "book"          # 默认app名_model名, 如publish_book
    verbose_name = u"图书"               # 编辑页
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name  # 列表页

ModelAdmin方法重写

def delete_book(self, request, queryset):
	# request.POST.get["author_id"]   
	# request.GET.get('author_id')
	ids = [_.id for _ in queryset]    # 选中的条目
	self.message_user(request, u"删除成功", messages.SUCC)
delete_book.short_description = u"批量删除图书"


# 自定义动作：[自动检测是否选中条目, short_description/icon/type/style、confirm、 action_type/action_url]
# action_type:  0 =当前页面，1 = Simpleui新建选项卡，2 =浏览器新选项卡
def get_actions(self, request):
        actions = super().get_actions(request)
        if request.use.username != 'Doc.Li':
            if 'delete_books' in actions:
                del actions['delete_books']
        return actions

def  save_model():    #  保存按钮。修改保存时额外操作，如检查用户，校验参数等.
	if 'book_set' in form.changed_data:
        old_value = form.initial.get('book_set')
        new_value = form.cleaned_data.get('book_set').all()

def change_view(self, request, object_id, extra_context=None):    
	pass
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None): # 当前过滤条件键值对request.GET    
	pass    

# 自定义显示表单:
def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
    if request.user.is_superuser:
        kwargs['form'] = MySuperuserForm
    return super().get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)
 
# 自定义显示表单的ForeinKey字段
def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
    if db_field.name == "author":
        kwargs["queryset"] = Author.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
    return super().formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
# 自定义显示表单的多对多字段
def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
    pass

权限定制

def has_delete_permission(self, request, obj=None):  # 删除权限
	return true if request.user.is_superuser else false
	
def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term):  # 列表页输入框搜索
    # 【根据关键字/过滤器进行查询集合】设置规则search_term.startswith('$')
    distinct = False
    return queryset, distince
    
def get_queryset(self, request):  # 列表页QuerySet集
	# 根据用户权限、request.path，同一个sql表不同展示(如节目、应用节目)。
	pass

ModelForm定制

from ajax_select import make_ajax_field

book_set = make_ajax_field(Author, 'book_set', 'book', help_text=u"输入关键词搜索")
book_set = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(label="图书", widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, 
										  queryset= Book.objects.filter(publish=True))
desc = forms.CharField(label=u"描述", required=False, max_length=64, 
                        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'style': 'width: 500px;'}))
class Meta:
	model = Author
	widget = {
		'desc': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 5}),
	}
	exclude = []                        										  

其他

pip install opencv-python==4.2.0.32 -i http://pyp --trusted-host XXX

# 图片展示
s = '<a target=_blank href="%s"><img style="height:88px" src="%s"/></a>' % (url, url)

模板定制

如何美化Django的admin？？默认的django模板是放在contrib/admin/templates/admin目录下的。

Model或ModelAdmin的方法属性或一个可调用函数:

• Names of model and model admin methods will only be used if they’re listed in readonly_fields. [列表页可以，编辑页要放在readonly_fields里？？]
  否则报错FieldError: Unknown field(s) specified for Author. Check fields/fieldsets/exclude attributes of class AuthorAdmin.

myMethod.boolean = True   # 返回True或False，这样页面上会展示on或者off图标。
myMethod.short_description = "Full name of the person"
age.admin_order_field = 'birthday'
 
# admins.py:  动作命令，不需要加入readonly_fields
# models.py:  字段。   需要加入readonly_fields
readonly_fields = ['myMethod']

利用 Session 实现自动登录

https://www.jianshu.com/p/3dafba4d1cda

urlpatterns = [
    path('ajax_select/', include(ajax_select_urls)),
    path('admin/lookups/', include(ajax_select_urls)),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),  # admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)
]

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'simpleui',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django_cleanup', # 记录删除时清理相关文件和和图片
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
]

因为需要 Cookie 功能，所以同样需要在 settings.py 增加一些配置。如果你将 SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST 设置为 True， 那么关闭浏览器之后，需要重新登录。
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "sessionid"       # Session的cookie保存在浏览器上时的key
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = "/"               # Session的cookie保存的路径(默认)
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None            # Session的cookie保存的域名(默认)
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False           # 是否Https传输cookie
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True          # 是否Session的cookie只支持http传输(默认)
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600            # Session的cookie失效日期(2周)(默认)
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False      # 是否设置关闭浏览器使得Session过期
SESSION_COOKIE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False  # 是否每次请求都保存Session，默认修改之后才能保存

# 让用户会话长时间无活动而失效
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = TRUE
class SessionExpiredMiddleware:
	def process_request(request):
 		last_activity = request.session['last_activity']
		now = datetime.now()
		if(now - last_activity).minutes > 10：
			return HttpResponseRedirect("LONIN_PAGE_URL")
		if not request.is_ajax():
			request.session['last_activity'] = datetime.now()