一个简单CPU VHDL代码解析

这些天一直在琢磨一个 cpu是如何开机reset后运行，完成取指令，译码，计算，存储等操作，还是看一个简单的CPU代码，开始看了MC8051的VHDL代码,不过一头雾水。后来终于在网上找了一个TISC的模拟cpu代码，一共有200多行，不过麻雀虽小，却五脏俱全，而且作者对每行代码都做了详细的说明，下面仔细的分析一下。

先看看作者写的指令说明：

-- Vins VHDL Tisc CPU Core, 15th Nov 2001

-- My first attempt at processor design, thanks to :-

-- Tim Boscke - CPU8BIT2, Rockwell - 6502, Microchip - Pic

-- Jien Chung Lo - EL405 , Steve Scott - Tisc,

-- Giovanni Moretti - Intro to Asm

-- Uses 12 bit program word, and 8 bit data memory

 

-- 2 reg machine,accumulator based, with akku and index regs

-- Harvard architecture, uses return x so as to eliminate need of pmem

-- indirect instructions like 8051.

-- pc is 10 bits, akku and idx are 8 bit.

 

-- Has carry and zero flags,

-- three addressing modes:- immediate, indirect and reg.

-- seperate program and data memory for pipelining later...

 

-- Instructions coded as thus:-

 

 

-- Long instructions first - program jump.

-- Both store return address for subroutine calls, 1 deep stack.

-- 0 0 xxxxxxxxxx jc pmem10     ; if c==1, stack = pc, pc <- pmem10, fi

-- 0 1 xxxxxxxxxx jz pmem10     ; if z==1, stack = pc, pc <- pmem10, fi

 

-- Immediate ops

-- bits 9 and 8 select what to do

-- 1 00 0 xxxxxxxx       lda #imm8      ; a= imm8, c=0,

-- 1 00 1 xxxxxxxx       ret #imm8      ; a= imm8, pc = stack

 

-- 1 01 0 xxxxxxxx       adc #imm8      ; add with carry imm8, cy and z set

-- 1 01 1 xxxxxxxx       adx #imm8      ; add imm8 to idx reg, z=(a==0)

 

-- Indirect and alu ops

-- bit 9 selects indirect or alu ops

 

-- Indirect - bits 7 and 8 select what to do

-- 1 10 0 0 xxxxxxx lda [ix]   ; load a indirect data mem

-- 1 10 0 1 xxxxxxx sta [ix]   ; store a indirect data mem

 

-- register register

-- 1 10 1 0 xxxxxxx tax    ; x = a,

-- 1 10 1 1 xxxxxxx txa    ; a = x

 

-- Arithmetic ops use indirect addressing

-- all alu ops indirect, bits 7 and 8 select alu op.

-- 1 11 00 xxxxxxx add a,[ix] ; add with carry

-- 1 11 01 xxxxxxx sub a,[ix] ; a = a + ~[idx], inc a after for proper subtract

-- 1 11 10 xxxxxxx and a,[ix] ; and mem contents into a

-- 1 11 11 xxxxxxx nor a,[ix] ; nor

 

-- States.

-- 000 instruction decode

-- 010 load a indirect - lda [ix]

-- 011 stor a indirect - sta [ix]

-- 100 add a,[ix]

-- 101 sub a,[ix[

-- 110 and a,[ix]

-- 111 nor a,[ix]

 

1. 外部接口说明