ASP.NET 2.0中,新增加的gridview控件的确十分强大,弥补了在asp.net 1.1中,使用datagrid控件时的不足之处。因为在asp.net 1.1中,在使用datagrid时,很多情况下依然要编写大量的代码,十分不方便,而且有时需要很多技巧。而在asp.net 2.0中,很多情况下,使用gridview控件的话,甚至只需要拖拉控件,设置属性就可以了,不需要编写任何代码。在《
使用ASP.NET 2.0中的GridView控件》和《
ASP.NET2.0中用Gridview控件操作数据》中,已经对gridview控件做了一系列介绍,如果之前没有了解过gridview的读者,请先阅读这两篇文章。在本文中,将继续深入介绍gridview的一些使用技巧。
一 格式化gridview 和asp.net 1.1一样,gridview可以很方便地定制其样式,比如css,颜色等。要定制gridview的格式,十分简单,只需要鼠标右击gridview,在弹出的菜单中选择"AUTO FORMAT",则可以选择gridview的样式,内置了许多样式,如下图: 如果你要对gridview中每一列自定义格式,则只需要点击gridview右上角的"smart tag"智能标记,在弹出的菜单中,选择"edit columns",会弹出如下图的窗体,这样就可以对每列进行详细的设置了: 比如,如果要某一列设置为特殊格式,如要将unitprice设置为货币格式,可以在unitprice列的DataFormatString属性中设置为{0:C},程序代码如下:
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <script runat="server"> </script> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="productsDataSource" Runat="server" SelectCommand="SELECT [ProductID], [ProductName], [QuantityPerUnit], [UnitPrice], [UnitsInStock] FROM [Products]" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NWConnectionString %>" DataSourceMode="DataReader"> </asp:SqlDataSource> <asp:GridView ID="productGridView" Runat="server" DataSourceID="productsDataSource" DataKeyNames="ProductID" AutoGenerateColumns="False" BorderWidth="1px" BackColor="#DEBA84" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="2" BorderStyle="None" BorderColor="#DEBA84"> <FooterStyle ForeColor="#8C4510" BackColor="#F7DFB5"></FooterStyle> <PagerStyle ForeColor="#8C4510" HorizontalAlign="Center"></PagerStyle> <HeaderStyle ForeColor="White" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#A55129"></HeaderStyle> <Columns> <asp:BoundField ReadOnly="True" HeaderText="ID" InsertVisible="False" DataField="ProductID" SortExpression="ProductID"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Name" DataField="ProductName" SortExpression="ProductName"> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Qty/Unit" DataField="QuantityPerUnit" SortExpression="QuantityPerUnit"></asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Price/Unit" DataField="UnitPrice" SortExpression="UnitPrice" DataFormatString="{0:c}"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Right"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Units In Stock" DataField="UnitsInStock" SortExpression="UnitsInStock" DataFormatString="{0:d}"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Right"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> </Columns> <SelectedRowStyle ForeColor="White" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#738A9C"></SelectedRowStyle> <RowStyle ForeColor="#8C4510" BackColor="#FFF7E7"></RowStyle> </asp:GridView> </div> </form> </body> </html> 程序运行后结果如下: 而有的时候,我们可能要根据需要,对gridview中的数据进行特殊的显示,比如当某样商品库存为0时,要求gridview中以不同颜色进行显示,这时,可以按如下的方法进行: 首先,gridview提供了rowdatabound事件,该事件在gridview中每行被创建并且绑定到datasource控件后被触发,因此,我们可以利用该事件去检查库存是否为0,如果为0的话,将所在行的北京颜色设置为黄色,代码如下:
public void productsGridView_RowDataBound(object sender,
GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow) { int unitsInStock = Convert.ToInt32(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "UnitsInStock")); if (unitsInStock == 0) e.Row.BackColor = Color.Yellow; } } 首先,该事件首先检查,当前的行是否属于datarow类型的行,因为象gridview中的headerrow,footerrow等行,并不包含实际的数据,因此,我们不需要使用headerrow和footerrow,而为了取得库存unitesinstock的内容,通过使用databinder.eval的方法取出其内容,并转换为int类型,接着判断是否为0,如果为0的话,则设置其行的背景颜色为黄色。程序运行结果如下图所示: 二 gridview的分页和排序 在asp.net 1.1中,datagrid分页是很常见的。而在asp.net 2.0中,依然有两种分页方式,一种是默认的分页方式,比如,有1000条数据,每页显示10条数据,则每次页面请求都必须从数据库中将1000条数据读取出来,只不过每次显示一页时,显示10条数据,速度和性能会降低。另一种是自定义分页方式,比如1000条数据,每页显示10条数据,则程序每次在页面跳转时,只会从数据库中拿10条数据出来显示给用户,而不是每次都把1000条数据拿出来,因此性能大为提高。 在asp.net 2.0中,使用sqldatasource控件进行分页是十分容易的事情。Sqldatasource数据源控件是用来与数据库打交道的,可以读取数据库中的数据,并可以和gridview等控件进行绑定。在下面的演示中,首先拖拉一个sqldatasource控件,并且设置其数据源为sql server 中的northwind数据库,再拖拉一个gridview控件,并且点gridview的smart tag智能标记,在弹出的菜单中,选择"enable paging"和"enable sorting",即允许分页和排序,则可以完成分页和排序的功能了,是不是很简单呢?如下图所示: 而在分页的效果中,有时我们想让用户知道,目前正在浏览的是第几页,那么要如何实现呢?在gridview中,有一个pageindex的属性,指示页面的序号(从0开始),则只需在页面的html代码内,写下如下代码,即可实现效果:
<i>You are viewing page
<%=productsGridView.PageIndex + 1%> of <%=productsGridView.PageCount%> </i> 完整代码如下:
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="productDataSource" Runat="server" SelectCommand="SELECT [ProductName], [UnitPrice], [UnitsInStock], [QuantityPerUnit] FROM [Products]" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NWConnectionString %>"> </asp:SqlDataSource> <asp:GridView ID=" productsGridView" Runat="server" DataSourceID="productDataSource" AutoGenerateColumns="False" AllowSorting="True" BorderWidth="2px" BackColor="White" GridLines="None" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="1" BorderStyle="Ridge" BorderColor="White" AllowPaging="True"> <FooterStyle ForeColor="Black" BackColor="#C6C3C6"></FooterStyle> <PagerStyle ForeColor="Black" HorizontalAlign="Right" BackColor="#C6C3C6"></PagerStyle> <HeaderStyle ForeColor="#E7E7FF" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#4A3C8C"></HeaderStyle> <Columns> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Product" DataField="ProductName" SortExpression="ProductName"> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Unit Price" DataField="UnitPrice" SortExpression="UnitPrice" DataFormatString="{0:c}"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Right"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Units In Stock" DataField="UnitsInStock" SortExpression="UnitsInStock" DataFormatString="{0:d}"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Right"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Quantity Per Unit" DataField="QuantityPerUnit"></asp:BoundField> </Columns> <SelectedRowStyle ForeColor="White" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#9471DE"></SelectedRowStyle> <RowStyle ForeColor="Black" BackColor="#DEDFDE"></RowStyle> </asp:GridView> <i>You are viewing page <%=productsGridView.PageIndex + 1%> of <%=productsGridView.PageCount%> </i> </div> </form> 实现的效果如下图所示: 注意的是,可以点击gridview中各字段的名称,如product,unit price,等进行排序,十分方便。如果要对分页时每页显示多少条数据进行显示,则只需要设置gridview的pagesize属性就可以了。
三 在gridview中使用图片 下面是相关HTML部分的代码:
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" Runat="server"
DataSource=’<%# GetData() %>’ AutoGenerateColumns="False" BorderWidth="1px" BackColor="White" CellPadding="3" BorderStyle="None" BorderColor="#CCCCCC" Font-Names="Arial"> <FooterStyle ForeColor="#000066" BackColor="White"></FooterStyle> <PagerStyle ForeColor="#000066" HorizontalAlign="Left" BackColor="White"></PagerStyle> <HeaderStyle ForeColor="White" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#006699"></HeaderStyle> <Columns> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Picutre ID" DataField="PictureID"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" VerticalAlign="Middle"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="Title"></asp:BoundField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Date Added" DataField="DateAdded" DataFormatString="{0:d}"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center"></ItemStyle> </asp:BoundField> <asp:ImageField DataImageUrlField="PictureURL"></asp:ImageField> </Columns> <SelectedRowStyle ForeColor="White" Font-Bold="True" BackColor="#669999"></SelectedRowStyle> <RowStyle ForeColor="#000066"></RowStyle> </asp:GridView> 我们并且通过手动编写代码的方式,创建数据表,如下代码所示:
DataTable GetData()
{ // This method creates a DataTable with four rows. Each row has the // following schema: // PictureID int // PictureURL string // Title string // DateAdded datetime DataTable dt = new DataTable(); // define the table’s schema dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("PictureID", typeof(int))); dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("PictureURL", typeof(string))); dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Title", typeof(string))); dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("DateAdded", typeof(DateTime))); // Create the four records DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["PictureID"] = 1; dr["PictureURL"] = ResolveUrl("~/DisplayingImages/Images/Blue hills.jpg"); dr["Title"] = "Blue Hills"; dr["DateAdded"] = new DateTime(2005, 1, 15); dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["PictureID"] = 2; dr["PictureURL"] = ResolveUrl("~/DisplayingImages/Images/Sunset.jpg"); dr["Title"] = "Sunset"; dr["DateAdded"] = new DateTime(2005, 1, 21); dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["PictureID"] = 3; dr["PictureURL"] = ResolveUrl("~/DisplayingImages/Images/Water lilies.jpg"); dr["Title"] = "Water Lilies"; dr["DateAdded"] = new DateTime(2005, 2, 1); dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["PictureID"] = 4; dr["PictureURL"] = ResolveUrl("~/DisplayingImages/Images/Winter.jpg"); dr["Title"] = "Winter"; dr["DateAdded"] = new DateTime(2005, 2, 18); dt.Rows.Add(dr); return dt; } 程序运行后,结果如下图所示
一、Gridview中的内容导出到Excel
在日常工作中,经常要将gridview中的内容导出到excel报表中去,在asp.net 2.0中,同样可以很方便地实现将整个gridview中的内容导出到excel报表中去,下面介绍其具体做法: 首先,建立基本的页面default.aspx <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"> </asp:GridView> </div> <br/> <asp:Button ID="BtnExport" runat="server" on_Click="BtnExport_Click" Text="Export to Excel" /> </form>
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{ if (!Page.IsPostBack) { BindData(); } } private void BindData() { string query = "SELECT * FROM customers"; SqlConnection myConnection = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString); SqlDataAdapter ad = new SqlDataAdapter(query, myConnection); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ad.Fill(ds, "customers"); GridView1.DataSource = ds; GridView1.DataBind(); } public override void VerifyRenderingInServerForm(Control control) { // Confirms that an HtmlForm control is rendered for } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Clear(); Response.AddHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename=FileName.xls"); Response.Charset = "gb2312"; Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.xls"; System.IO.StringWriter stringWrite = new System.IO.StringWriter(); System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter htmlWrite =new HtmlTextWriter(stringWrite); GridView1.AllowPaging = false; BindData(); GridView1.RenderControl(htmlWrite); Response.Write(stringWrite.ToString()); Response.End(); GridView1.AllowPaging = true; BindData(); } protected void paging(object sender,GridViewPageEventArgs e) { GridView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex; BindData(); }
public DataSet PopulateDropDownList()
{ SqlConnection myConnection =new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyDatabase"].ConnectionString); SqlDataAdapter ad = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM tblPhone", myConnection); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ad.Fill(ds, "tblPhone"); return ds; }
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" DataSource="<%# PopulateDropDownList() %>" DataTextField="Phone" DataValueField = "PhoneID"> </asp:DropDownList> </ItemTemplate>
protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{ StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); foreach (GridViewRow gvr in GridView1.Rows) { string selectedText = ((DropDownList)gvr.FindControl("DropDownList1")).SelectedItem.Text; str.Append(selectedText); } Response.Write(str.ToString()); }
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True"
AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataKeyNames="PersonID" DataSourceID="mySource" Width="366px" CellPadding="4" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None"> <Columns> <asp:CommandField ShowSelectButton="True" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="PersonID" HeaderText="PersonID" InsertVisible="False" Readon_ly="True" SortExpression="PersonID" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" /> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Select"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:CheckBox ID="chkSelect" runat="server" /> </ItemTemplate> <HeaderTemplate> </HeaderTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView>
for (int i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
{ GridViewRow row = GridView1.Rows[i]; bool isChecked = ((CheckBox) row.FindControl("chkSelect")).Checked; if (isChecked) { str.Append(GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[2].Text); } } Response.Write(str.ToString());
<HeaderTemplate>
<input id="chkAll" on_click="javascript :SelectAllCheckboxes(this);" runat="server" type="checkbox" /> </HeaderTemplate>
<script language=javascript>
function SelectAllCheckboxes(spanChk){ var oItem = spanChk.children; var theBox=(spanChk.type=="checkbox")?spanChk:spanChk.children.item[0]; xState=theBox.checked; elm=theBox.form.elements; for(i=0;i<elm.length;i++) if(elm[i].type=="checkbox" && elm[i].id!=theBox.id) { if(elm[i].checked!=xState) elm[i].click(); } } </script> 三、gridview中删除记录的处理
<asp:GridView DataKeyNames="CategoryID" ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" on_RowCommand="GridView1_RowCommand" on_RowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound" on_RowDeleted="GridView1_RowDeleted" on_RowDeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting">
<Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="CategoryID" HeaderText="CategoryID" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="CategoryName" HeaderText="CategoryName" /> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Select"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:LinkButton ID="LinkButton1" CommandArgument='<%# Eval("CategoryID") %>' CommandName="Delete" runat="server">Delete</asp:LinkButton> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView>
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{ if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow) { LinkButton l = (LinkButton)e.Row.FindControl("LinkButton1"); l.Attributes.Add('onclick", "javascript :return " + "confirm("是否要删除该记录? " + DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "id") + "')"); } }
protected void GridView1_RowCommand(object sender, GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
{ if (e.CommandName == "Delete") { int id = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument); // 删除记录的专门过程 DeleteRecordByID(id); } }
protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{ int categoryID = (int) GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value; DeleteRecordByID(categoryID); }
|
QQ:16441708
MSN:Baconxu@hotmail.com