转载自:
https://www.cnblogs.com/ssss429170331/p/5559210.html
消息队列之ZeroMQ(C++)
ZMQ是什么?
这是个类似于Socket的一系列接口,他跟Socket的区别是:普通 的socket是端到端的(1:1的关系),而ZMQ却是可以N:M 的关系,人们对BSD套接字的了解较多的是点对点的连接,点对点连接需要显式地建立连接、销毁连接、选择协议(TCP/UDP)和处理错误等,而ZMQ屏 蔽了这些细节,让你的网络编程更为简单。ZMQ用于node与node间的通信,node可以是主机或者是进程。
引用官方的说法: “ZMQ(以下ZeroMQ简称ZMQ)是一个简单好用的传输层,像框架一样的一个socket library,他使得Socket编程更加简单、简洁和性能更高。是一个消息处理队列库,可在多个线程、内核和主机盒之间弹性伸缩。ZMQ的明确目标是 “成为标准网络协议栈的一部分,之后进入Linux内核”。现在还未看到它们的成功。但是,它无疑是极具前景的、并且是人们更加需要的“传统”BSD套接 字之上的一 层封装。ZMQ让编写高性能网络应用程序极为简单和有趣。”
以上拷贝至百度百科。
对了使用ZMQ之前必须要有那么几样东西libzmq.lib,zhelpers.hpp,zmq.h,zmq.hpp。这些都可以在ZMQ的官网下载。
接下来是来说说ZMQ有模式,可以归纳成三种,请求回应模式(1对N),发布订阅模式(单向1对N),还有
推拉模型。
1:请求回应模式(Req-Rep)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/4cbc1119bb5627d0184756960ab9b2db.jpeg)
可以有多个client,这个很容易理解跟TCP很像,但服务器与客户端必须是1问1答的形式。直接看源代码。
#include <zmq.hpp> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include<zhelpers.hpp> using namespace std; DWORD WINAPI MyThread_client(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context (1); //建立套接字 zmq::socket_t socket (context, ZMQ_REQ); std::cout << "Connecting to hello world server..." << std::endl; //连接服务器 socket.connect ("tcp://localhost:5555"); for (int request_nbr = 0; request_nbr != 10; request_nbr++) { s_send (socket, "hello"); std::cout << "Client1 Received :" <<s_recv (socket)<< std::endl; Sleep(1000); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI MyThread_client1(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context (1); //建立套接字 zmq::socket_t socket (context, ZMQ_REQ); std::cout << "Connecting to hello world server..." << std::endl; //连接服务器 socket.connect ("tcp://localhost:5555"); for (int request_nbr = 0; request_nbr != 10; request_nbr++) { s_send (socket, "SB"); std::cout << "Client2 Received :" <<s_recv (socket)<< std::endl; Sleep(1000); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI MyThread_servce(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context (1); zmq::socket_t socket (context, ZMQ_REP); //绑定端口 socket.bind ("tcp://*:5555"); while (true) { std::cout << "Servce Received: "<<s_recv (socket)<< std::endl; s_send (socket, "world"); } } int main () { HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_client, NULL, 0, NULL); HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_servce, NULL, 0, NULL); HANDLE hThread3 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_client1, NULL, 0, NULL); while(1); return 0; }
运行结果:
这里我建立了两个客户端和一个服务器,每个都独立运行一个线程。客户端1发了“hello”,客户端2发了“SB”,服务器都能接收到并且返回了world。
2:发布订阅模式(PUB-SUB)
所谓发布订阅,比如天气预报,当很多人订阅之后,中心服务器直接往订阅的人发送就可以了,不需要管对方有没有收到。也就是1对N的模式。这里还有重要的一个概念,频道:跟收音机的频道类似,订阅者设定了频道才能听到该频道的消息
看例程序:
#include <zmq.hpp> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include<zhelpers.hpp> using namespace std; //订阅1 DWORD WINAPI MyThread_sub1(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context(1); zmq::socket_t subscriber (context, ZMQ_SUB); //连接 subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5563"); //设置频道B subscriber.setsockopt( ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, "A", 1); while (1) { // Read envelope with address std::string address = s_recv (subscriber); // Read message contents std::string contents = s_recv (subscriber); std::cout << "订阅1:[" << address << "] " << contents << std::endl; } return 0; } //订阅2 DWORD WINAPI MyThread_sub2(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context(1); zmq::socket_t subscriber (context, ZMQ_SUB); //连接 subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5563"); //设置频道B subscriber.setsockopt( ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, "B", 1); while (1) { // Read envelope with address std::string address = s_recv (subscriber); // Read message contents std::string contents = s_recv (subscriber); std::cout << "订阅2:[" << address << "] " << contents << std::endl; } return 0; } //订阅3 DWORD WINAPI MyThread_sub3(LPVOID lpParamter) { zmq::context_t context(1); zmq::socket_t subscriber (context, ZMQ_SUB); //连接 subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5563"); //设置频道B // subscriber.setsockopt( ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, "B", 1); while (1) { // Read envelope with address std::string address = s_recv (subscriber); // Read message contents std::string contents = s_recv (subscriber); std::cout << "订阅3:[" << address << "] " << contents << std::endl; } return 0; } //发布线程 DWORD WINAPI MyThread_pub(LPVOID lpParamter) { // Prepare our context and publisher zmq::context_t context(1); zmq::socket_t publisher(context, ZMQ_PUB); publisher.bind("tcp://*:5563"); while (1) { // Write two messages, each with an envelope and content s_sendmore (publisher, "A"); s_send (publisher, "We don't want to see this"); Sleep (100); s_sendmore (publisher, "B"); s_send (publisher, "We would like to see this"); Sleep (100); } } int main () { HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_pub, NULL, 0, NULL); Sleep(1000); HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_sub1, NULL, 0, NULL); HANDLE hThread3 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_sub2, NULL, 0, NULL); HANDLE hThread4 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_sub3, NULL, 0, NULL); while(1); return 0; }
结果:
例程中,设置了1个发布端和3个订阅端,订阅端订阅的频道分别是是A,B和没有订阅,发布端发布了对应频道的订阅消息。由此订阅3没有设置频道,所以收不到消息。
3:推拉模式,这个词语感觉污,还是我想歪了。还没研究过,不过看网上说的,跟发布订阅模式类似,只是可以负载均衡。目前项目中也没有用到,下次有机会再研究吧。
ZEROMQ官网的github上面有详细的例程:https://github.com/imatix/zguide/tree/master/examples/
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/94e11ee0763d94a0ca4470fe6010c575.jpeg)