C++中字符串与数字相互转换

1. 字符串转数字

如将“32”转为32，将“3.1415”转为3.1415，将“567283”转为567283。使用：

//Convert string to integer, more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/atoi/
int atoi ( const char * str );
//Convert string to double, more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/atof/
double atof ( const char * str ); 
// Convert string to long integer,more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/atol/
long int atol ( const char * str );  

//Read formatted data from string, more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdio/sscanf/
int sscanf ( const char * str, const char * format, ...);

例如：

/* atoi,atof,atol example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
  int a;float b;long c;
  a=atoi("32");
  b=atof("3.1415");
  c=atol("567283");
  printf ("%d,%f,%d",a,b,c); 
  return 0;
}

<pre style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 21.6000003814697px; font-family: 'Courier New' !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">/*</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;"> sscanf example </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">*/</span>
#include <stdio.h>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); line-height: 1.5 !important;">int</span> main ()
{
  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); line-height: 1.5 !important;">int</span> a;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); line-height: 1.5 !important;">float</span> b;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); line-height: 1.5 !important;">long</span> c;
  sscanf (<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">32,3.1415,567283</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span>,<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">%d,%f,%d</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span>,&a,&b,&c);
  printf (<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">%d,%f,%d</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5 !important;">"</span>,a,b,c);   
  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); line-height: 1.5 !important;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); line-height: 1.5 !important;">0</span>;
}

<span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span data-mce-="">数字</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">转</span><span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span data-mce-="">字符串</span></strong></span>

//Write formatted data to string, more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdio/sprintf/
int sprintf ( char * str, const char * format, ... );

//Convert integer to string (non-standard function), more @http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/itoa/
//This function is not defined in ANSI-C and is not part of C++, but is supported by some compilers.
//A standard-compliant alternative for some cases may be sprintf.
char *  itoa ( int value, char * str, int base );

例如：

/* sprintf example */
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
  char a[10],b[10],c[10];
  sprintf(a, "%d", 32);
  sprintf(b, "%f", 3.1415);
  sprintf(c, "%d", 567283);
  printf("%s,%s,%s",a,b,c);
  return 0;
}

3. 使用stringstream进行字符串与数字的转换
例如：

// using stringstream constructors.
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int main () 
{
  int a;float b;long c;
  char d[10],e[10],f[10];

  /* string to number */
  stringstream ss;
  ss << "32";
  ss >> a;
  ss.clear();

  ss << "3.1415";
  ss >> b;
  ss.clear();

  ss << "567283";
  ss >> c;
  ss.clear();

  cout<<a<<","<<b<<","<<c<<endl;

  /* number to string */
  ss << a;
  ss >> d;
  ss.clear();

  ss << b;
  ss >> e;
  ss.clear();

  ss << c;
  ss >> f;
  ss.clear();

  cout<<d<<","<<e<<","<<f<<endl;

  return 0;
}