Linux下安装Mysql数据库

已于 2024-08-13 17:10:26 修改
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文章标签： 数据库 linux mysql
于 2024-08-13 17:09:48 首次发布
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1.版本说明和引用

  • Linux版本Centos7

    [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020

  • Mysql版本8.4.0

  • 安装方式手动rpm包安装

  • 官方安装指导文档，其它系统和版本可参考文档MySQL :: MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual :: 2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle

  • 下载Mysql rpm包 MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)
    同时支持Linux8/9 选择相应版本下载
    Bundle版本意思为合集，ARM和X86为系统架构，正常情况下是X86系统（Inter使用这个)

  • 导入虚拟机 
    [root@localhost opt]# pwd
/opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

  • 解压压缩包

    [root@localhost opt]# tar xvf mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

  • 所有rmp包内容如下

  • MysqlRPM包

    Rpm包名

    		简介
    mysql-community-client客户端和工具包
    mysql-community-client-plugins客户端共享插件
    mysql-community-common客户/服务端共享库文件
    mysql-community-devel客户端开发者头/库文件
    mysql-community-embedded-compat嵌入式相关支持
    mysql-community-icu-data-files正则相关的ICU支持文件
    mysql-community-libs客户端/应用库文件
    mysql-community-libs-compat旧版兼容相关库文件
    mysql-community-server服务端和工具包
    mysql-community-server-debug服务调试和插件相关
    mysql-community-test服务器测试相关
    mysql-community源码文件
    Additional *debuginfo* RPMs可能还有其它debuginfo相关的rmp包

2.安装数据库

  1. 安装相应rpm包 
    [root@localhost opt]# ls
mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# pwd
/opt
[root@localhost opt]# yum install mysql-community-{server,client,client-plugins,icu-data-files,common,libs}-*

  2. 自动安装后默认配置如下

  3. Files or Resources

    		Location
    Client programs and scripts/usr/bin
    mysqld server/usr/sbin
    Configuration file（配置文件）/etc/my.cnf
    Data directory/var/lib/mysql
    Error log file（错误日志）

    For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log

    For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

    Value of secure_file_priv/var/lib/mysql-files
    System V init script

    For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld

    For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql

    Systemd service

    For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld

    For SLES: mysql

    Pid file/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid
    Socket/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    Keyring directory/var/lib/mysql-keyring
    Unix manual pages/usr/share/man
    Include (header) files/usr/include/mysql
    Libraries/usr/lib/mysql
    Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)/usr/share/mysql
  4. 启动停止Mysql 
    [root@localhost opt]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost opt]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost opt]# systemctl stop mysqld
  5. 查看临时密码 
    [root@localhost opt]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-08-13T02:20:22.872261Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: &9Y,cyZl_/gP

  6. 登陆mysql

    [root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

  7. 修改密码（validate_password插件默认安装要求密码强度至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符）

    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

  8. 修改远程连接

    mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host="%" where user="root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

  9. 开放防火墙3306端口

    [root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --reload
[root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看所有开放的端口

  10. 把密码强度修改为简单密码，修改文件后重启Mysql服务后登陆，再次修改密码可以设置简单密码，参见步骤4，6，7（可选）

    [root@localhost opt]# vi /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address=0.0.0.0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#设置密码强度策略为低
validate_password.policy=LOW
#设置密码长度为6个
validate_password.length=6

  11. 添加本机免密登陆（可选)

    [root@localhost opt]# vi /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address=0.0.0.0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
validate_password.policy=LOW
validate_password.length=6
#密码用户名写在[client]下
[client]
user=root
password=123456


    直接使用mysql命令可以登陆命令行无需再输入密码

    [root@localhost opt]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>


     

Bingo_155
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