MIPS 指令集(共31条) | |||||||||
助记符 | 指令格式 | 示例 | 示例含义 | 操作及其解释 | |||||
Bit # | 31..26 | 25..21 | 20..16 | 15..11 | 10..6 | 5..0 |
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R-type | op | rs | rt | rd | shamt | func |
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add | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100000 | add $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2+$3 | rd <- rs + rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
addu | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100001 | addu $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2+$3 | rd <- rs + rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1,无符号数 |
sub | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100010 | sub $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2-$3 | rd <- rs - rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
subu | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100011 | subu $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2-$3 | rd <- rs - rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1,无符号数 |
and | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100100 | and $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2 & $3 | rd <- rs & rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
or | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100101 | or $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2 | $3 | rd <- rs | rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
xor | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100110 | xor $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2 ^ $3 | rd <- rs xor rt ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1(异或) |
nor | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 100111 | nor $1,$2,$3 | $1=~($2 | $3) | rd <- not(rs | rt) ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1(或非) |
slt | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 101010 | slt $1,$2,$3 | if($2<$3) | if (rs < rt) rd=1 else rd=0 ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
sltu | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 101011 | sltu $1,$2,$3 | if($2<$3) | if (rs < rt) rd=1 else rd=0 ;其中rs=$2,rt=$3, rd=$1 |
sll | 000000 | 00000 | rt | rd | shamt | 000000 | sll $1,$2,10 | $1=$2<<10 | rd <- rt << shamt ;shamt存放移位的位数, |
srl | 000000 | 00000 | rt | rd | shamt | 000010 | srl $1,$2,10 | $1=$2>>10 | rd <- rt >> shamt ;(logical) ,其中rt=$2, rd=$1 |
sra | 000000 | 00000 | rt | rd | shamt | 000011 | sra $1,$2,10 | $1=$2>>10 | rd <- rt >> shamt ;(arithmetic) 注意符号位保留 |
sllv | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 000100 | sllv $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2<<$3 | rd <- rt << rs ;其中rs=$3,rt=$2, rd=$1 |
srlv | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 000110 | srlv $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2>>$3 | rd <- rt >> rs ;(logical)其中rs=$3,rt=$2, rd=$1 |
srav | 000000 | rs | rt | rd | 00000 | 000111 | srav $1,$2,$3 | $1=$2>>$3 | rd <- rt >> rs ;(arithmetic) 注意符号位保留 |
jr | 000000 | rs | 00000 | 00000 | 00000 | 001000 | jr $31 | goto $31 | PC <- rs |
I-type | op | rs | rt | immediate |
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addi | 001000 | rs | rt | immediate | addi $1,$2,100 | $1=$2+100 | rt <- rs + (sign-extend)immediate ;其中rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
addiu | 001001 | rs | rt | immediate | addiu $1,$2,100 | $1=$2+100 | rt <- rs + (zero-extend)immediate ;其中rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
andi | 001100 | rs | rt | immediate | andi $1,$2,10 | $1=$2 & 10 | rt <- rs & (zero-extend)immediate ;其中rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
ori | 001101 | rs | rt | immediate | andi $1,$2,10 | $1=$2 | 10 | rt <- rs | (zero-extend)immediate ;其中rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
xori | 001110 | rs | rt | immediate | andi $1,$2,10 | $1=$2 ^ 10 | rt <- rs xor (zero-extend)immediate ;其中rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
lui | 001111 | 00000 | rt | immediate | lui $1,100 | $1=100*65536 | rt <- immediate*65536 ;将16位立即数放到目标寄存器高16 | ||
lw | 100011 | rs | rt | immediate | lw $1,10($2) | $1=memory[$2 | rt <- memory[rs + (sign-extend)immediate] ;rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
sw | 101011 | rs | rt | immediate | sw $1,10($2) | memory[$2+10] | memory[rs + (sign-extend)immediate] <- rt ;rt=$1,rs=$2 | ||
beq | 000100 | rs | rt | immediate | beq $1,$2,10 | if($1==$2) | if (rs == rt) PC <- PC+4 + (sign-extend)immediate<<2 | ||
bne | 000101 | rs | rt | immediate | bne $1,$2,10 | if($1!=$2) | if (rs != rt) PC <- PC+4 + (sign-extend)immediate<<2 | ||
slti | 001010 | rs | rt | immediate | slti $1,$2,10 | if($2<10) | if (rs <(sign-extend)immediate) rt=1 else rt=0 ; | ||
sltiu | 001011 | rs | rt | immediate | sltiu $1,$2,10 | if($2<10) | if (rs <(zero-extend)immediate) rt=1 else rt=0 ; | ||
J-type | op | address |
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j | 000010 | address | j 10000 | goto 10000 | PC <- (PC+4)[31..28],address,0,0 ;address=10000/4 | ||||
jal | 000011 | address | jal 10000 | $31<-PC+4; | $31<-PC+4;PC <- (PC+4)[31..28],address,0,0 |
注 意:因为MIPS16只有16个16位的寄存器,所以JAL指令中$31改成$15, 所有立即数均无需扩展,LUI指令直接就是将立即数付给RT寄存器。