MySQL 8.0.11 Windows zip 安装过程

〇、准备：
MySQL8.0 Windows zip包下载地址：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-winx64.zip

环境：Windows 10

一、安装

1. 解压zip包到安装目录

比如我的安装目录是：F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64

2.配置文件

在Windows系统中，配置文件默认是安装目录下的 my.ini 文件，部分配置需要在初始安装时配置，大部分也可以在安装完成后进行更改。当然，极端情况下，所有的都是可以更改的。

在安装根目录(这里是F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64)下新建my.ini，比如我这里是：‪F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\my.ini，写入基本配置：

[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64
datadir = F:\installDir\MySQLData
port = 3306
# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

character-set-server = utf8mb4

performance_schema_max_table_instances = 600
table_definition_cache = 400
table_open_cache = 256

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

注意，里面的 basedir 是我本地的安装目录，datadir 是我数据库数据文件要存放的位置，各项配置需要根据自己的环境进行配置。

查看所有的配置项，可参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqld-option-tables.html

3.初始化数据库

在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令，该命令不用在Admin下执行：

mysqld --initialize --console

执行完成后，会打印 root 用户的初始默认密码，比如：

F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize --console
2018-05-02T14:48:16.104721Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2018-05-02T14:48:16.104854Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 532
2018-05-02T14:48:33.113492Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1cuP+wCQ2oni
2018-05-02T14:48:47.492974Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server has completed

其中，第4行的“1cuP+wCQ2oni”就是初始密码，在没有更改密码前，需要记住这个密码，后续登录需要用到。
要是你手贱，关快了，或者没记住，那也没事，删掉初始化的 datadir 目录，再执行一遍初始化命令，又会重新生成的。当然，也可以使用安全工具，强制改密码，用什么方法，自己随意。

参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-directory-initialization-mysqld.html

4.安装服务

在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令，注意该命令要使用admin去执行，否则无权限执行：

mysqld --install [服务名]

后面的服务名可以不写，默认的名字为 mysql。当然，如果你的电脑上需要安装多个MySQL服务，就可以用不同的名字区分了，比如 mysql5 和 mysql8。

执行成功效果如下：

F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin>mysqld --install
Service successfully installed.

安装完成之后，就可以通过命令net start mysql启动MySQL的服务了。

参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/windows-start-service.html

二、更改密码和密码认证插件

在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令：

mysql -uroot -p

这时候会提示输入密码，记住了第3步的密码，填入即可登录成功，进入MySQL命令模式。

在MySQL8.0.4以前，执行

SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('[修改的密码]');

就可以更改密码，但是MySQL8.0.4开始，这样默认是不行的。因为之前，MySQL的密码认证插件是“mysql_native_password”，而现在使用的是“caching_sha2_password”。
因为当前有很多数据库工具和链接包都不支持“caching_sha2_password”，为了方便，我暂时还是改回了“mysql_native_password”认证插件。

在MySQL中执行命令，其中password是自己想要修改的密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

修改密码验证插件，同时修改密码。
如果想默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证，可以在配置文件中配置 default_authentication_plugin项。

[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

参考： https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password

三、速度测试

不用测了，官方说MySQL8比5快两倍。

附CentOS tar.gz 包安装：

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
shell> tar zxvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> ln -s mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

最后附上自己win10上安装的MySQL8.0.11的my.ini中的内容供大家参考：

[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = F:\installDir\mysql-8.0.11-winx64
datadir = F:\installDir\MySQLData
port = 3306
# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

character-set-server = utf8mb4

performance_schema_max_table_instances = 600
table_definition_cache = 400
table_open_cache = 256

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

注：该博客参考 https://blog.csdn.net/zwj1030711290/article/details/80039780，自己亲自测试安装过，对原博客中写得不清晰的地方做了补充。