前言
struts2支持三种验证方式：
1.使用Annotations验证
2.基于XML配置的验证
3.手动验证
本文主要简介第一种校验方式，使用的struts版本为：struts-2.2.1.1
正文
一 一个简单的例子
SimpleAnnotationAction.java：
package com.struts2.validation; import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredStringValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.Validations; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.ValidatorType; @Validations(requiredStrings = { @RequiredStringValidator(fieldName = " userName " ,message = " 用户名不能为空！ " ), @RequiredStringValidator(fieldName = " userName " ,message = " 密码不能为空！ " ) } ) public class SimpleAnnotationAction extends ActionSupport { private String userName; private String password; @Override @Validations(requiredFields = { @RequiredFieldValidator(type = ValidatorType.SIMPLE,fieldName = " userName " ,message = " 用户名不能为null！！ " ) } ) public String execute() throws Exception { return super .execute(); } /* 运行： http://localhost :8080/struts2/validation/simpleAnnotationLogin.action 结果： 用户名不能为空！ 密码不能为空！ 用户名不能为null！！ 密码不能为null！！ */ @Validations(requiredFields = { @RequiredFieldValidator(type = ValidatorType.SIMPLE,fieldName = " password " ,message = " 密码不能为null！！ " ) } ) public String login(){ return " success " ; } /* 运行： http://localhost :8080/struts2/validation/simpleAnnotationLogin2.action 结果： 用户名不能为空！ 密码不能为空！ 用户名不能为null！！ 密码不能为null！！ */ public String login2(){ return " success " ; } /* 运行： http://localhost :8080/struts2/validation/simpleAnnotationLogin2.action 结果：页面发生跳转 */ @SkipValidation public String login3(){ return " success " ; } /* 运行： http://localhost :8080/struts2/validation/simpleAnnotationLogin2.action 结果：页面发生跳转 */ public String login5(){ return " success " ; } public String getUserName() { return userName;} public void setUserName(String userName) { this .userName = userName;} public String getPassword() { return password;} public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password;} }
struts.xml
< package name ="validation" namespace ="/validation" extends ="struts-default" > < action name ="simpleAnnotationLogin" class ="com.struts2.validation.SimpleAnnotationAction" method ="login" > < result name ="input" > /SimpleAnnotation.jsp </ result > < result name ="success" type ="redirect" > /LoginSuccess.jsp </ result > </ action > < action name ="simpleAnnotationLogin2" class ="com.struts2.validation.SimpleAnnotationAction" method ="login2" > < result name ="input" > /SimpleAnnotation.jsp </ result > < result name ="success" type ="redirect" > /LoginSuccess.jsp </ result > </ action > < action name ="simpleAnnotationLogin3" class ="com.struts2.validation.SimpleAnnotationAction" method ="login3" > < result name ="input" > /SimpleAnnotation.jsp </ result > < result name ="success" type ="redirect" > /LoginSuccess.jsp </ result > </ action > < action name ="simpleAnnotationLogin5" class ="com.struts2.validation.SimpleAnnotationAction" method ="login5" > < interceptor-ref name ="validation" > < param name ="validateAnnotatedMethodOnly" > true </ param > </ interceptor-ref > < result name ="input" > /SimpleAnnotation.jsp </ result > < result name ="success" type ="redirect" > /LoginSuccess.jsp </ result > </ action > </ package >
SimpleAnnotation.jsp
<% @ page language = " java " import = " java.util.* " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > </ head > < body > < s:fielderror ></ s:fielderror > < form action ="../validation/manualValidation.action" method ="post" > < input type ="text" name ="userName" /> < br > < input type ="password" name ="password" /> < br > < input type ="submit" value ="提交" /> </ form > </ body > </ html >
LoginSuccess.jsp
<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > < html > < head > </ head > < body > < h1 > 登录成功！！ </ h1 > </ body > </ html >
结论
1.Action类中使用Validations Annotation定义验证。
2.Action中，可以在方法上、类上定义验证Annotations，所有的验证器都将同时作用在映射为Action的方法上。
3.Action中有多个方法被映射为Action时，类上和方法上所有定义的验证Annotations都将作用在每个映射为Action的方法上。
4.Action中校验失败时，返回input逻辑视图
5.可以使用@SkipValidation跳过所有的验证检查，包括自身方法定义的校验器。
6.可以在Action映射中使用如下代码跳过校验检查
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="validateAnnotatedMethodOnly">true</param>
</interceptor-ref>
二 校验器使用说明
1.Validations Annotation的使用
Validations中定义了一些验证器的数组，用于存放验证规则，定义如下
public @interface Validations {
//自定义校验器数组
public CustomValidator[] customValidators() default {};
//字段转换错误校验器数组
public ConversionErrorFieldValidator[] conversionErrorFields() default {};
//日期范围校验器
public DateRangeFieldValidator[] dateRangeFields() default {};
//Email校验器
public EmailValidator[] emails() default {};
//字段表达式校验器
public FieldExpressionValidator[] fieldExpressions() default {};
//整数范围校验器
public IntRangeFieldValidator[] intRangeFields() default {};
//必填字段校验器
public RequiredFieldValidator[] requiredFields() default {};
//必填字符串校验器
public RequiredStringValidator[] requiredStrings() default {};
//字符串长度校验器
public StringLengthFieldValidator[] stringLengthFields() default {};
//URL校验器
public UrlValidator[] urls() default {};
//带条件的Vistor校验器
public ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator[] conditionalVisitorFields() default {};
//Vistor校验器
public VisitorFieldValidator[] visitorFields() default {};
//正则表达式校验器
public RegexFieldValidator[] regexFields() default {};
//表达式校验器
public ExpressionValidator[] expressions() default {};
}
2.@RequiredStringValidator —— 必填字符串校验器
校验要求：指定字段不能为null且字符串长度大于0
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
trim：校验时取出字符串两边的空格，默认为true
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
3.RequiredFieldValidator —— 必填校验器
校验要求：指定字段不能为null
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
4.IntRangeFieldValidator —— 整数范围校验器
校验要求：int、long、short字段的整数值在指定的范围内
参数：min：指定最小值，可选，没有则不检查最小值
max：指定最大值，可选，没有则不检查最大值
fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
5.DateRangeFieldValidator —— 日期范围校验器
校验要求：日期在指定的范围内
参数：min：指定最小值，可选，没有则不检查最小值
max：指定最大值，可选，没有则不检查最大值
fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
6.EmailValidator —— Email地址校验器
校验要求：指定的字段为Email地址
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
7.ExpressionValidator —— 表达式校验器
校验要求：指定的ONGL表达式返回true。
参数: expression:ONGL表达式
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
8.UrlValidator —— URL校验器
校验要求：校验指定的字段值是否为合法的URL
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
9.StringLengthFieldValidator —— 字符串长度校验器
校验要求：字符串长度在指定的范围内
参数：minLength：指定最小长度，可选，没有则不检查最小长度
maxLength：指定最大长度，可选，没有则不检查最大长度
trim：校验时取出字符串两边的空格，默认为true
fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
10.ConversionErrorFieldValidator —— 转换错误校验器
校验要求：校验指定字段是否发生类型转换错误
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
11.VisitorFieldValidator —— Vistor校验器
说明：普通校验器只能校验基本数据类型和字符串类型，该校验器可以校验对象里面的属性。
参数：context：用于校验的context
appendPrefix： 校验发生错误时是否在错误信息中添加前最消息
fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
12. RegexFieldValidator —— 正则表达式校验器
校验要求：指定字段匹配指定的正则表达式
参数：expression：正则表达式
fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
13.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator —— 带条件的Vistor校验器
验证要求：在条件不满足时，和Vistor校验器功能一样，条件满足则不执行Vistor校验
参数： fieldName：校验字段名
message：校验失败时的消息
key：校验失败时返回i18n中指定名称的消息
14.CustomValidator —— 自定义校验器
校验器：自定义校验器
三 各种校验器使用
AnnotationValidationAction.java
package com.struts2.validation; import java.util.Date; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.ConversionErrorFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.CustomValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.DateRangeFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.EmailValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.ExpressionValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.FieldExpressionValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.IntRangeFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RegexFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.StringLengthFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.UrlValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.Validations; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.VisitorFieldValidator; public class AnnotationValidationAction extends ActionSupport{ private Name name; private String password; private String email; private int age; private Date birthday; private String homeUrl; private String question; private String answer; @Validations( stringLengthFields = {@StringLengthFieldValidator(fieldName = " password " ,minLength = " 8 " ,maxLength = " 20 " ,message = " 密码的长度必须大于8小于20个字符 " )}, emails = {@EmailValidator(fieldName = " email " ,message = " 邮件字段的格式不对 " )}, conversionErrorFields = {@ConversionErrorFieldValidator(fieldName = " age " ,message = " 年龄输入的值转换错误 " )}, intRangeFields = {@IntRangeFieldValidator(fieldName = " age " ,min = " 0 " ,max = " 150 " ,message = " 年龄范围为0到150 " )}, urls = {@UrlValidator(fieldName = " homeUrl " ,message = " 个人主页的格式不对 " )}, dateRangeFields = {@DateRangeFieldValidator(fieldName = " birthday " ,min = " 1900-01-01 " ,message = " 日期输入不真确 " )}, visitorFields = {@VisitorFieldValidator(fieldName = " name " ,context = " name " ,message = " 姓名错误： " ,appendPrefix = true )}, fieldExpressions = {@FieldExpressionValidator(expression = " age>10 " ,fieldName = " age " ,message = " 年龄不大于10岁 " )}, expressions = {@ExpressionValidator(expression = " age<10 " ,message = " 年龄大于10岁 " )}, // 不显示信息 regexFields = {@RegexFieldValidator(expression = " 1* " ,fieldName = " question " ,message = " 问题不是全部1 " )}, conditionalVisitorFields = {@ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator(expression = " age>10 " ,context = " name " ,fieldName = " name " ,appendPrefix = true ,message = " ConditionVistor: " )} ) public String execute() throws Exception { return super .execute(); } public Name getName() { return name; } public void setName(Name name) { this .name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this .email = email; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int age) { this .age = age; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this .birthday = birthday; } public String getHomeUrl() { return homeUrl; } public void setHomeUrl(String homeUrl) { this .homeUrl = homeUrl; } public String getQuestion() { return question; } public void setQuestion(String question) { this .question = question; } public String getAnswer() { return answer; } public void setAnswer(String answer) { this .answer = answer; } }
Name.java
package com.struts2.validation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredFieldValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredStringValidator; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.Validations; @Validations(requiredFields = {@RequiredFieldValidator(fieldName = " lastName " ,message = " LastName错误 " )}) public class Name { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } @Validations(requiredStrings = {@RequiredStringValidator(fieldName = " firstName " ,message = " FirstName错误 " )}) public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this .firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this .lastName = lastName; } }
create.jsp
<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > < html > < head > </ head > < body > < s:fielderror ></ s:fielderror > < s:form action ="../validation/annotationValidation.action" > < s:textfield label ="FirstName" name ="name.firstName" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="LastName" name ="name.lastName" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="密 码：" name ="password" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="Email：" name ="email" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="年龄：" name ="age" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="出生日期：" name ="birthday" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="个人主页：" name ="homeUrl" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="问题：" name ="question" ></ s:textfield > < s:textfield label ="答案：" name ="answer" ></ s:textfield > < s:submit ></ s:submit > </ s:form > </ body > </ html >
struts.xml
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" > < struts > < package name ="validation" namespace ="/validation" extends ="struts-default" > < action name ="annotationValidation" class ="com.struts2.validation.AnnotationValidationAction" > < result name ="input" > /validation/create.jsp </ result > < result name ="success" > /FirstApplication/LoginSuccess.jsp </ result > </ action > </ package > </ struts >
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