linux下C语言线程的介绍

原文地址：linux下C语言线程的介绍作者：Ree雪影

今天一天小记。。
linux下线程的介绍
下面是主要的函数介绍：
创建线程要实现的函数
    int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void * (*start_routine)(void *),void *arg);
gcc编译多线程程序时，必须与pthread函数库连接。有2种方法
    1.gcc -D_REENTRANT -o aa 1.c -lpthread
    2.gcc -pthread -o aa 1.c
用信号量进行同步
    1.信号量的创建
      int sem_init(sem_t *sem,int pshared,unsigned int value);
    2.控制信号量
      int sem_wait(sem_t *sem);
      int sem_post(sem_t *sem);
    3.清理信号
      int sem_destory(sem_t sem);
用互斥量进行同步
    1.线程的互斥量
      pthread_mutex_t a_mutex = PTHREAD_mutex_INITIALiZER或者PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_mutex_INITIALIZER_NP(同一个线程多次锁定它不会产生死锁);
      int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const pthread_mutexattr_t *mutexattr);
    2.锁定和解除锁定互斥量
      int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
      int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
    3.销毁互斥量
      int int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
线程属性对象
    1.创建线程属性对象
      int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);
    2.回收函数(顾名思义)
      int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);
    3.设置不同的线程属性
      int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr,int detachstate);（设置脱离状态）
      int pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t *attr,int policy);(改变调度属性)
      ...
        可用于创建脱离线程。
取消一个线程
    1.线程终止
      int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread);
    2.设置线程的取消状态
      int pthread_setcancelstate(int state,int *oldstate);
    3.设置取消类型
      int pthread_setcanceltype(int type,int *oldtype);
用条件变量改进线程同步
    1.创建和初始化条件变量
      pthread_cond_t got_request = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
    2.向条件变量发出信号
      int rc = pthread_cond_singal(&got_request);
            或使用广播函数
      int rc = pthread_cond_broadcast(&got_request);
    4.守候条件变量
      pthread_cond_wait()
      pthread_cond_timedwait()
下面是一些例子程序的源代码：
1.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

//新线程将要执行的函数
void * do_loop(void * data)
{
    int i;int j;
    int me = *((int *)data);  //线程编号
    for(i=0;i<10;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<500000;j++) //延迟循环
          ;
        printf("'%d' - Got '%d'n",me,i);
    }
    //退出线程
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

//main函数
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int ret;  //线程创建函数的返回值
    pthread_t p_thread; //线程的ID号
    int a = 1;  //子线程编号
    int b = 2;  //主线程编号
   
    //创建一个子线程
    ret = pthread_create(&p_thread,NULL,do_loop,(void *)&a);
    //在主线程中也执行do_loop
    do_loop((void *)&b);
    //不会执行到这里
    return 0;
}
2.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

char message[] = "Hello world!";

void *thread_function(void *arg) {
    printf("thread_function is running. Argument was %sn",(char *)arg);
    sleep(3);
    strcpy(message,"Bye!");
    pthread_exit("Thank you for the CPU time!");
}

int main()
{
    int res;
    pthread_t a_thread;
    void *thread_result;
   
    res = pthread_create(&a_thread,NULL,thread_function,(void *)message);
    if(res!=0) {
        perror("Thread creation failed!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Waiting for thread to finish...n");
    res = pthread_join(a_thread,&thread_result);
    if(res!=0) {
        perror("Thread join failed!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Thread joined,it return %sn",(char *)thread_result);
    printf("Message is now %sn",message);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
3.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>

sem_t bin_sem;

#define WORK_SIZE 1024
char work_area[WORK_SIZE];

void *thread_function(void *arg) {
    sem_wait(&bin_sem);
    while(strncmp("end",work_area,3)!=0) {
        printf("You input %d charactersn",strlen(work_area)-1);
        sem_wait(&bin_sem);
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int main() {
    int res;
    pthread_t a_thread;
    void *thread_result;
   
    res = sem_init(&bin_sem,0,0);
    if(res!=0) {
        perror("Semaphore creation failed!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    res = pthread_create(&a_thread,NULL,thread_function,NULL);
    if(res!=0) {
        perror("Thread creation failed!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
   
    printf("Input some text.Enter 'end' to finish:n");
    while(strncmp("end",work_area,3)!=0) {
        fgets(work_area,WORK_SIZE,stdin);
        sem_post(&bin_sem);
    }
    printf("nWaiting for thread to finish...n");
    res = pthread_join(a_thread,&thread_result);
    if(res!=0) {
        perror("Thread join failed!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Thread joinedn");
    sem_destroy(&bin_sem);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
4.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define NUM_THREADS 6

void *thread_function(void *arg) {
    int my_number = (int) arg;
    int rand_num;
    printf("thread_function is running.Argument was %dn",my_number);
    rand_num = 1 + (int)(9.0*rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0));
    sleep(rand_num);
    printf("Bye from %dn",my_number);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int main() {
    int res;
    pthread_t a_thread[NUM_THREADS];
    void *thread_result;
    int lots_of_threads;
   
    for(lots_of_threads = 0;lots_of_threads < NUM_THREADS;lots_of_threads++) {
        res = pthread_create(&(a_thread[lots_of_threads]),NULL,thread_function,(void *)lots_of_threads);
        if(res!=0) {
            perror("Thread creation failed!");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        sleep(1);
    }
    printf("Waiting for threads to finish...n");
    for(lots_of_threads = NUM_THREADS - 1;lots_of_threads >= 0;lots_of_threads--) {
        res = pthread_join(a_thread[lots_of_threads],&thread_result);
        if(res == 0) {
            printf("Picked up a thread!n");
        }
        else {
            perror("failed!");
        }
    }
    printf("ALL DONE!");
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}