创建长的多行字符串的Pythonic方法

本文翻译自：Pythonic way to create a long multi-line string

I have a very long query. 我有一个很长的查询。 I would like to split it in several lines in Python. 我想在Python中将其分成几行。 A way to do it in JavaScript would be using several sentences and joining them with a + operator (I know, maybe it's not the most efficient way to do it, but I'm not really concerned about performance in this stage, just code readability). 用JavaScript做到这一点的一种方法是使用几个句子，然后用+运算符将它们连接起来（我知道，这可能不是最有效的方法，但是我并不真正关心此阶段的性能，只是代码可读性）。 Example: 例：

var long_string = 'some text not important. just garbage to' +
                  'illustrate my example';

I tried doing something similar in Python, but it didn't work, so I used \\ to split the long string. 我尝试在Python中执行类似的操作，但没有成功，因此我使用\\拆分了长字符串。 However, I'm not sure if this is the only/best/pythonicest way of doing it. 但是，我不确定这是否是唯一/最佳/最佳的方法。 It looks awkward. 看起来很尴尬。 Actual code: 实际代码：

query = 'SELECT action.descr as "action", '\
    'role.id as role_id,'\
    'role.descr as role'\
    'FROM '\
    'public.role_action_def,'\
    'public.role,'\
    'public.record_def, '\
    'public.action'\
    'WHERE role.id = role_action_def.role_id AND'\
    'record_def.id = role_action_def.def_id AND'\
    'action.id = role_action_def.action_id AND'\
    'role_action_def.account_id = ' + account_id + ' AND'\
    'record_def.account_id=' + account_id + ' AND'\
    'def_id=' + def_id

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/ijGV/创建长的多行字符串的Pythonic方法

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#2楼

Are you talking about multi-line strings? 您在谈论多行字符串吗？ Easy, use triple quotes to start and end them. 容易，使用三引号将它们开始和结束。

s = """ this is a very
        long string if I had the
        energy to type more and more ..."""

You can use single quotes too (3 of them of course at start and end) and treat the resulting string s just like any other string. 您也可以使用单引号（当然在开始和结束时使用3个单引号），并将生成的字符串s与其他任何字符串一样对待。

NOTE : Just as with any string, anything between the starting and ending quotes becomes part of the string, so this example has a leading blank (as pointed out by @root45). 注意 ：与任何字符串一样，引号和结尾引号之间的任何内容都将成为字符串的一部分，因此本示例中有一个前导空格（如@ root45所指出）。 This string will also contain both blanks and newlines. 该字符串还将包含空格和换行符。

Ie,: 即：

' this is a very\n        long string if I had the\n        energy to type more and more ...'

Finally, one can also construct long lines in Python like this: 最后，还可以像这样在Python中构造长行：

 s = ("this is a very"
      "long string too"
      "for sure ..."
     )

which will not include any extra blanks or newlines (this is a deliberate example showing what the effect of skipping blanks will result in): 其中将不包含任何额外的空格或换行符（这是一个有意的示例，显示了跳过空格会导致什么结果）：

'this is a verylong string toofor sure ...'

No commas required, simply place the strings to be joined together into a pair of parenthesis and be sure to account for any needed blanks and newlines. 不需要逗号，只需将要连接的字符串放在一对括号中，并确保考虑到任何需要的空格和换行符。

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#3楼

Your actual code shouldn't work, you are missing whitespaces at the end of "lines" (eg: role.descr as roleFROM... ) 您的实际代码不起作用，在“行”末尾缺少空格（例如： role.descr as roleFROM... ）

There is triplequotes for multiline string: 多行字符串有三引号：

string = """line
  line2
  line3"""

It will contain the line breaks and extra spaces, but for SQL that's not a problem. 它将包含换行符和多余的空格，但是对于SQL来说这不是问题。

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#4楼

If you don't want a multiline string but just have a long single line string, you can use parentheses, just make sure you don't include commas between the string segments, then it will be a tuple. 如果您不希望使用多行字符串，而只需要一个长的单行字符串，则可以使用括号，只需确保在字符串段之间不包含逗号，那么它将是一个元组。

query = ('SELECT   action.descr as "action", '
         'role.id as role_id,'
         'role.descr as role'
         ' FROM '
         'public.role_action_def,'
         'public.role,'
         'public.record_def, '
         'public.action'
         ' WHERE role.id = role_action_def.role_id AND'
         ' record_def.id = role_action_def.def_id AND'
         ' action.id = role_action_def.action_id AND'
         ' role_action_def.account_id = '+account_id+' AND'
         ' record_def.account_id='+account_id+' AND'
         ' def_id='+def_id)

In a SQL statement like what you're constructing, multiline strings would also be fine. 在您正在构造的SQL语句中，多行字符串也可以。 But if the extra whitespace a multiline string would contain would be a problem, then this would be a good way to achieve what you want. 但是，如果多行字符串将包含额外的空格将是一个问题，那么这将是实现所需功能的好方法。

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#5楼

You can also place the sql-statement in a seperate file action.sql and load it in the py file with 您还可以将sql语句放置在单独的文件action.sql并使用以下命令将其加载到py文件中：

with open('action.sql') as f:
   query = f.read()

So the sql-statements will be separated from the python code. 因此，sql语句将与python代码分开。 If there are parameters in the sql statement which needs to be filled from python, you can use string formating (like %s or {field}) 如果sql语句中有需要从python填充的参数，则可以使用字符串格式（例如％s或{field}）

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#6楼

I found myself happy with this one: 我发现自己对此很满意：

string = """This is a
very long string,
containing commas,
that I split up
for readability""".replace('\n',' ')