安装json gem时出错&#39；mkmf.rb找不到ruby的头文件&#39；

本文翻译自：Error while installing json gem 'mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby'

For context, it on a remote server which has a firewall. 对于上下文，它位于具有防火墙的远程服务器上。 I'm setting up my environment through a proxy. 我正在通过代理设置环境。 I have ruby 1.8.7 . 我有ruby 1.8.7 。 When I try to gem install.. 当我尝试gem install ..

sudo gem install --http-proxy <host address>:<port> json

I get the following error: 我收到以下错误：

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing json:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby at /usr/lib/ruby/ruby.h

Gem files will remain installed in /usr/lib64/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/json-1.8.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/lib64/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/json-1.8.1/ext/json/ext/generator/gem_make.out

Since I was unsure what the problem is, I googled and found these 由于我不确定是什么问题，因此我搜索并找到了这些

• gem install: Failed to build gem native extension (can't find header files) - the instructions here seem to be specific to the gem being installed. gem install：无法构建gem本机扩展（找不到头文件） -此处的说明似乎特定于要安装的gem。

• How to install json gem - Failed to build gem native extension This seems to be slightly different error. 如何安装json gem-无法构建gem本机扩展名这似乎是稍有不同的错误。

Any hints? 有什么提示吗？ Thanks! 谢谢！

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/1ogoT/安装json-gem时出错-mkmf-rb找不到ruby的头文件

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#2楼

Modern era update, as stated by mimoralea : 如mimoralea所述，现代更新：

In case that you are using ruby 2.0 or 2.2 (thanks @patrick-davey). 如果您使用的是ruby 2.0或2.2（感谢@ patrick-davey）。

 sudo apt-get install ruby-dev sudo apt-get install ruby2.0-dev sudo apt-get install ruby2.2-dev sudo apt-get install ruby2.3-dev 

or, generic way: 或者，通用方式：

 sudo apt-get install ruby`ruby -e 'puts RUBY_VERSION[/\\d+\\.\\d+/]'`-dev 

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The first link you've posted is exactly your case: there is no ruby development environment installed. 您发布的第一个链接正是您的情况：没有安装ruby开发环境。 Development env is needed to compile ruby extensions, which are mostly written in C . 需要开发环境来编译ruby扩展，这些扩展大部分是用C编写的。 Proxy has nothing to do with the problem: everything is downloaded fine, just compilation fails. 代理与问题无关：一切都下载良好，只是编译失败。

I would suggest you to install ruby-dev ( ruby-devel for rpm-based distros) package onto you target machine. 我建议您将ruby-dev （基于rpm的发行版的ruby-devel ）软件包安装到目标计算机上。 gcc package might be needed as well. 也可能需要gcc软件包。

Try: 尝试：

$ sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

Or, for Redhat distro: 或者，对于Redhat发行版：

$ sudo yum install ruby-devel

Or, for [open]SuSE: 或者，对于[open] SuSE：

$ sudo zypper install ruby-devel

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#3楼

如果您使用SUSE

sudo yast2 -i ruby-devel

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#4楼

In case that you are using ruby 2.0 or 2.2 (thanks @patrick-davey) or 2.3 (thanks @juanitofatas). 如果您使用的是ruby 2.0或2.2（感谢@ patrick-davey）或2.3（感谢@juanitofatas）。

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
sudo apt-get install ruby2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install ruby2.2-dev
sudo apt-get install ruby2.3-dev

And you get the pattern here... 你在这里得到了模式...

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#5楼

在Fedora 21及更高版本中，您只需打开终端并以root身份安装Ruby Development文件。

dnf install ruby-devel

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#6楼

I also encountered this problem because I install Ruby on Ubuntu via brightbox , and I thought ruby-dev is the trunk of ruby. 我也遇到了这个问题，因为我通过Brightbox在Ubuntu上安装了Ruby ，并且我认为ruby-dev是ruby的主干。 So I did not install. 所以我没有安装。 Install ruby2.3-dev fixes it: 安装ruby2.3-dev可以修复它：

sudo apt-get install ruby2.3-dev