花了一下午的时间,研究了一下Apache 负载均衡+Tomcat集群的问题,至于原理高手解释下,我是照葫芦画瓢!现在与大家分享一下
一、本机环境
1.Windows 7 64位操作系统
2.java版本 "1.6.0_20"
3.Apache安装包httpd-2.2.21-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi,默认安装
4.tomcat压缩包(apache-tomcat-6.0.24.zip)
5.在一台机器上进行的
二、配置
1.前提是Apache安装正确,启动正常
2.解压缩多个tomcat,例如d:\tomcat_01,d:\tomcat_02
3.配置httpd.conf文件
找到如下信息,并进行修改
- #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
- #LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
- #LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
- #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
- #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
- #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
- #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
去掉注释
在httpd.conf最后加上如下代码
- ProxyRequests Off
- <proxy balancer://cluster>
- BalancerMember ajp://127.0.0.1:8009 loadfactor=1 route=jvm1
- BalancerMember ajp://127.0.0.1:9009 loadfactor=1 route=jvm2
- </proxy>
上面的BalancerMember成员是配置tomcat集群的
4.配置httpd-vhosts.conf文件
找到如下代码
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.sm.com
- DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/docs/dummy-host.sm.com"
- ServerName dummy-host.sm.com
- ServerAlias www.dummy-host.sm.com
- ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.sm.com-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.sm.com-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.sm.com
- DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/docs/dummy-host2.sm.com"
- ServerName dummy-host2.sm.com
- ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
找到这些代码删除或者注释掉
在httpd-vhosts.conf文件最后加入如下代码
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerAdmin test@qq.com
- ServerName localhost
- ServerAlias localhost
- ProxyPass / balancer://cluster/
- ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster/
- ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
域名与路径根据自己需要配置
5.配置tomcat,修改conf/server.xml文件
说明,我只用了两个tomcat集群
修改第二个tomcat(两个tomcat任意设置一个)
- <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
- 将8005改为9005,防止与第一个冲突
- <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
- connectionTimeout="20000"
- redirectPort="8443" />
- 将8080改为9080,将8443改为9443
- <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
- 将8009改为9009,将8443,改为9443
两个tomcat均需要做如下改动
- 找到
- <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" >
- 改成
- <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm2">
- 并在<Engine name="."..></Engine>标签中加上如下代码
- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="6">
- <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
- notifyListenersOnReplication="true" mapSendOptions="6"/>
- <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
- <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
- address="228.0.0.4" port="45565" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
- <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
- address="auto" port="5002" selectorTimeout="100" maxThreads="6"/>
- <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
- <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
- </Sender>
- <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
- <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
- <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
- </Channel>
- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
- filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
- <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
- tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false"/>
- <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
- </Cluster>
第一个tomcat配置为<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
- 改动Membership port 的值与另一个设置为不同
- 改动Receiver port的值与另一个设置为不同
为了防止冲突
6.所有配置已经完毕,我们现在可以进行测试
7.为了让效果更加明显,我们改动\tomcat_01\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat1</h1>
改动\tomcat_02\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat2</h1>
8.在浏览器中输入http://localhost,看看效果吧!刷新一下会有意外惊喜