DDL、DML、DCL、TCL基础(译文)

原文:blog.isdevil.com

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DDL

Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:

• CREATE - to create objects in the database
• ALTER - alters the structure of the database
• DROP - delete objects from the database
• TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
• COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
• RENAME - rename an object
  译：

数据定义语言(DDL)语句用来定义数据库结构或模式。例如：

• create-创建数据库对象
• alter-修改数据库的结构
• drop-从数据库中删除对象
• truncate-移除表中的所有记录，包括分配给记录的空间也会被移除
• comment-为数据字典加一些评论
• rename-给数据库对象重新命名

DML

Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:

• SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
• INSERT - insert data into a table
• UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
• DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
• MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
• CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
• EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
• LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
  译：

数据操纵语言(DML)语句用来管理数据对象内的数据。例如：

• select-从数据库中取回数据
• insert-向表中插入数据
• update-更新表中已经存在的数据
• delete-删除表中的记录，分配给记录的空间会保留
• merge-UPSERT操作(插入或更新)
• call-呼叫一个PL/SQL或者java小程序
• explain plan-解释数据的访问路径
• lock table-控制并发

DCL

Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:

• GRANT - gives user’s access privileges to database
• REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

译：

数据控制语言(DCL)语句。

• grant-授予用户一些对数据库的访问权限
• revoke-回收用grant授予给用户的权限

TCL

Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

• COMMIT - save work done
• SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
• ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
• SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

译：

事务控制(TCL)语句 用来管理被DML语言做出的改变。TCL允许将一系列语句分组成一个逻辑上的事务。

• commit-提交事务。保存已经做好的工作
• savepoint-保存点。标识一个以后用来回滚到当前的点
• rollback-恢复数据库到上一次commit后的状态
• set transaction-改变事务的参数。例如：隔离的登记以及要使用的回滚段

参考资料：https://www.cnblogs.com/gnielee/archive/2009/07/31/1535621.html