Mybatis07--多对一和一对多

一、多对一处理

多对一：

多个学生对应一个老师

对于学生而言，关联一个老师 【多对一】

对于老师而言，集合，一个老师，和很多学生【一对多】

SQL:数据自己插一些

CREATE table `teacher` (
	`id` int(10) NOT NULL,
	`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

CREATE TABLE `student`(
	`id` int(10) NOT NULL,
	`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
	`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
	KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
	CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

测试环境搭建

结构：

1.导入lombok

<dependency>
     <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
     <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
     <version>1.18.10</version>
</dependency>

2.新建实体类

​ Teachar类

package com.shy.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

​ Student类

package com.shy.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //学生需要关联一个老师
    private Teacher teacher;
}

3.编写Mapper接口

​ TeacherMapper

package com.shy.dao;
import com.shy.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
public interface TeacherMapper {
    @Select("select * from teacher where id = #{tid}")
    Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);
}

​ StudentMapper

package com.shy.dao;
import com.shy.pojo.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {
    //查询所有信息
    List<Student> getStu();
    List<Student> getStu2();
}

4.编写Mapper.xml文件，**无论有没有需求，都应该写上，以备后来之需！**这里需要都写上，因为TeacherMapper.xml之后会用到

​ StudentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.shy.dao.StudentMapper">
    <!--方式一：按照结果嵌套处理-->
    <select id="getStu2" resultMap="StuTea2">
        select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
        from student s,teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id
    </select>
    <resultMap id="StuTea2" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="sid"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <!--方式二-->
    <!--
    思路：
    1.查询所有的学生信息
    2.根据查询出来的学生的tid，寻找对应的老师
    -->
    <select id="getStu" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
        select * from student
    </select>
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!--复杂的属性需要单独处理-->
        <!--对象 association
            集合 collection
        -->
        <!--association关联属性 property属性名 javaType属性类型
        column在多的一方的表中的列名，这里的tid是学生表中的tid-->
        <!--
        这里传递过来的id，只有一个属性的时候，下面可以写任何值
        association中column多参数配置：
        column="{key=value,key=value}"
        其实就是键值对的形式，key是传给下个sql的取值名称，value是片段一中sql查询的字段名。
        -->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
        select * from teacher where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

​ TeacherMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.shy.dao.TeacherMapper">

</mapper>

5.在核心配置中绑定注册Mapper接口或者文件

<!--可以给实体类取别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.shy.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

<mappers>
    <mapper class="com.shy.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
    <mapper class="com.shy.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>

6.测试

import com.shy.dao.StudentMapper;
import com.shy.dao.TeacherMapper;
import com.shy.pojo.Student;
import com.shy.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void getTea(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        mapper.getTeacher(1)
        sqlSession.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void getStu(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> stu = mapper.getStu();
        for (Student student : stu) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void getStu2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> stu = mapper.getStu2();
        for (Student student : stu) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

多对一查询方式

按照查询进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的子查询

按照结果进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的联表查询

二、一对多处理

一个老师有多个学生

1.环境搭建

有重复代码直接复制就行

结构：

Lombok

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

TeacherMapper接口

package com.shy.dao;
import com.shy.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import java.util.List;
public interface TeacherMapper {
    //获取指定老师下的学生信息及老师信息:方式一
    Teacher getTea(@Param("tid") int id);
    //获取指定老师下的学生信息及老师信息:方式二
    Teacher getTea2(@Param("tid") int id);
}

实体类：

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //学生需要关联一个老师
    private int tid;
}

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //一个老师有多个学生
    private List<Student> students;
}

按照结果嵌套处理

 <!--按照结果嵌套查询-->
    <select id="getTea" resultMap="TeaStu">
        select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
        from student s,teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{tid}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="TeaStu" type="Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <!--
		集合的话，使用collection
        javaType=""指定属性的类型
        集合中的泛型信息使用 ofType获取
        -->
        <collection property="students" ofType="Student">
            <result property="id" column="sid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

按照查询嵌套处理

	<select id="getTea2" resultMap="TeaStu2">
        select  * from teacher where id = #{tid}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="TeaStu2" type="Teacher">
        <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStuByTeaId" 			column="id"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getStuByTeaId" resultType="Student">
        select * from student where tid = #{tid}
    </select>

测试：

import com.shy.dao.TeacherMapper;
import com.shy.pojo.Teacher;
import com.shy.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        Teacher tea = mapper.getTea(1);
        System.out.println(tea);
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
        Teacher tea = mapper.getTea2(1);
        System.out.println(tea);
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

小结：

1.关联–association 【多对一】

2.集合–collection 【一对多】

3.javaType：用来指定实体类中属性的类型

ofType：用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型，泛型指定约束类型

注意：

• 保证sql的可读性，通俗易懂
• 注意一对多和多对一中，属性名和字段的问题
• 如果问题不好排查错误，可以使用日志。建议使用log4j

Lombok不能用的，去下Lombok插件，然后开启注解支持~