【PAT刷题甲级】1104.Sum of Number Segments

1104 Sum of Number Segments (20 分)

Given a sequence of positive numbers, a segment is defined to be a consecutive subsequence. For example, given the sequence { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }, we have 10 segments: (0.1) (0.1, 0.2) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.3) (0.3, 0.4) and (0.4).

Now given a sequence, you are supposed to find the sum of all the numbers in all the segments. For the previous example, the sum of all the 10 segments is 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 1.0 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.4 = 5.0.

Input Specification

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N, the size of the sequence which is no more than 10 ^5. The next line contains N positive numbers in the sequence, each no more than 1.0, separated by a space.

Output Specification

For each test case, print in one line the sum of all the numbers in all the segments, accurate up to 2 decimal places.

Sample Input

4
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Sample Output

5.00

题意

计算连续子序列的和。用数学思想解即可。主要考查的是高精度计算。N比较大时，double类型的值多次累加导致的精度误差，在计算机的字长限制下会产生舍入误差。改成long double后即可通过。
double：%lf
long double：%Lf

long double和double的比较：
二者均为浮点数类型，区别如下：
(1) double类型为C++原始类型，所有编译器均支持，而long double是C99规范增加的新类型，只有支持C99的编译器才支持long double;
(2) 占用大小不同，double占8个字节，long double根据编译器实现不同，有占用8，10，12字节和16字节四种；
在long double用8字节实现时，long double 和double没有其它区别。对于其它实现方式，还有以下三项区别：
① 运算速度不同，long double占用字节多，运算速度会慢一些；
② 精度不同，long double可以表示更大的精度；
③ 表示范围不同，long double可以表示更大范围的浮点数。
来源：https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1829941608365782620.html

代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
	int n;
	long double f,sum=0.0;
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		scanf("%Lf",&f);
		sum += f*(n-i)*(i+1);
	}
	printf("%.2Lf",sum);
	return 0;
}