组合模式（Composite）

1.    定义

      将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Composite pattern -- Structural example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Composite Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create a tree structure       Composite root = new Composite("root");       root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));       root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));         Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");       comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));       comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));         root.Add(comp);       root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));         // Add and remove a leaf       Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");       root.Add(leaf);       root.Remove(leaf);         // Recursively display tree       root.Display(1);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Component' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Component   {     protected string name;       // Constructor     public Component(string name)     {       this.name = name;     }       public abstract void Add(Component c);     public abstract void Remove(Component c);     public abstract void Display(int depth);   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Composite' class   /// </summary>   class Composite : Component   {     private List<Component> _children = new List<Component>();       // Constructor     public Composite(string name)       : base(name)     {     }       public override void Add(Component component)     {       _children.Add(component);     }       public override void Remove(Component component)     {       _children.Remove(component);     }       public override void Display(int depth)     {       Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);         // Recursively display child nodes       foreach (Component component in _children)       {         component.Display(depth + 2);       }     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Leaf' class   /// </summary>   class Leaf : Component   {     // Constructor     public Leaf(string name)       : base(name)     {     }       public override void Add(Component c)     {       Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");     }       public override void Remove(Component c)     {       Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");     }       public override void Display(int depth)     {       Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);     }   } }

Output -root ---Leaf A ---Leaf B ---Composite X -----Leaf XA -----Leaf XB ---Leaf C

4.      实例代码

// Composite pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Composite Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create a tree structure       CompositeElement root =         new CompositeElement("Picture");       root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Red Line"));       root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Blue Circle"));       root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Green Box"));         // Create a branch       CompositeElement comp =         new CompositeElement("Two Circles");       comp.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Black Circle"));       comp.Add(new PrimitiveElement("White Circle"));       root.Add(comp);         // Add and remove a PrimitiveElement       PrimitiveElement pe =         new PrimitiveElement("Yellow Line");       root.Add(pe);       root.Remove(pe);         // Recursively display nodes       root.Display(1);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Component' Treenode   /// </summary>   abstract class DrawingElement   {     protected string _name;       // Constructor     public DrawingElement(string name)     {       this._name = name;     }       public abstract void Add(DrawingElement d);     public abstract void Remove(DrawingElement d);     public abstract void Display(int indent);   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Leaf' class   /// </summary>   class PrimitiveElement : DrawingElement   {     // Constructor     public PrimitiveElement(string name)       : base(name)     {     }       public override void Add(DrawingElement c)     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Cannot add to a PrimitiveElement");     }       public override void Remove(DrawingElement c)     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Cannot remove from a PrimitiveElement");     }       public override void Display(int indent)     {       Console.WriteLine(         new String('-', indent) + " " + _name);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Composite' class   /// </summary>   class CompositeElement : DrawingElement   {     private List<DrawingElement> elements =       new List<DrawingElement>();       // Constructor     public CompositeElement(string name)       : base(name)     {     }       public override void Add(DrawingElement d)     {       elements.Add(d);     }       public override void Remove(DrawingElement d)     {       elements.Remove(d);     }       public override void Display(int indent)     {       Console.WriteLine(new String('-', indent) +         "+ " + _name);         // Display each child element on this node       foreach (DrawingElement d in elements)       {         d.Display(indent + 2);       }     }   } }

Output -+ Picture --- Red Line --- Blue Circle --- Green Box ---+ Two Circles ----- Black Circle ----- White Circle

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternComposite.aspx