解释器模式（Interpreter）

1.    定义

       给的一个语言，定义它的文法的一种表示，并定义一个解释器，这个解释器使用该表示来解释语言中的句子。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Interpreter pattern -- Structural example

using System; using System.Collections;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Interpreter.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Interpreter Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       Context context = new Context();         // Usually a tree       ArrayList list = new ArrayList();         // Populate 'abstract syntax tree'       list.Add(new TerminalExpression());       list.Add(new NonterminalExpression());       list.Add(new TerminalExpression());       list.Add(new TerminalExpression());         // Interpret       foreach (AbstractExpression exp in list)       {         exp.Interpret(context);       }         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Context' class   /// </summary>   class Context   {   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'AbstractExpression' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class AbstractExpression   {     public abstract void Interpret(Context context);   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'TerminalExpression' class   /// </summary>   class TerminalExpression : AbstractExpression   {     public override void Interpret(Context context)     {       Console.WriteLine("Called Terminal.Interpret()");     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'NonterminalExpression' class   /// </summary>   class NonterminalExpression : AbstractExpression   {     public override void Interpret(Context context)     {       Console.WriteLine("Called Nonterminal.Interpret()");     }   } }

Output Called Terminal.Interpret() Called Nonterminal.Interpret() Called Terminal.Interpret() Called Terminal.Interpret()

4.      实例代码

// Interpreter pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Interpreter.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Interpreter Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       string roman = "MCMXXVIII";       Context context = new Context(roman);         // Build the 'parse tree'       List<Expression> tree = new List<Expression>();       tree.Add(new ThousandExpression());       tree.Add(new HundredExpression());       tree.Add(new TenExpression());       tree.Add(new OneExpression());         // Interpret       foreach (Expression exp in tree)       {         exp.Interpret(context);       }         Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}",         roman, context.Output);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Context' class   /// </summary>   class Context   {     private string _input;     private int _output;       // Constructor     public Context(string input)     {       this._input = input;     }       // Gets or sets input     public string Input     {       get { return _input; }       set { _input = value; }     }       // Gets or sets output     public int Output     {       get { return _output; }       set { _output = value; }     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'AbstractExpression' class   /// </summary>   abstract class Expression   {     public void Interpret(Context context)     {       if (context.Input.Length == 0)         return;         if (context.Input.StartsWith(Nine()))       {         context.Output += (9 * Multiplier());         context.Input = context.Input.Substring(2);       }       else if (context.Input.StartsWith(Four()))       {         context.Output += (4 * Multiplier());         context.Input = context.Input.Substring(2);       }       else if (context.Input.StartsWith(Five()))       {         context.Output += (5 * Multiplier());         context.Input = context.Input.Substring(1);       }         while (context.Input.StartsWith(One()))       {         context.Output += (1 * Multiplier());         context.Input = context.Input.Substring(1);       }     }       public abstract string One();     public abstract string Four();     public abstract string Five();     public abstract string Nine();     public abstract int Multiplier();   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'TerminalExpression' class   /// <remarks>   /// Thousand checks for the Roman Numeral M   /// </remarks>   /// </summary>   class ThousandExpression : Expression   {     public override string One() { return "M"; }     public override string Four() { return " "; }     public override string Five() { return " "; }     public override string Nine() { return " "; }     public override int Multiplier() { return 1000; }   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'TerminalExpression' class   /// <remarks>   /// Hundred checks C, CD, D or CM   /// </remarks>   /// </summary>   class HundredExpression : Expression   {     public override string One() { return "C"; }     public override string Four() { return "CD"; }     public override string Five() { return "D"; }     public override string Nine() { return "CM"; }     public override int Multiplier() { return 100; }   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'TerminalExpression' class   /// <remarks>   /// Ten checks for X, XL, L and XC   /// </remarks>   /// </summary>   class TenExpression : Expression   {     public override string One() { return "X"; }     public override string Four() { return "XL"; }     public override string Five() { return "L"; }     public override string Nine() { return "XC"; }     public override int Multiplier() { return 10; }   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'TerminalExpression' class   /// <remarks>   /// One checks for I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VI, VII, VIII, IX   /// </remarks>   /// </summary>   class OneExpression : Expression   {     public override string One() { return "I"; }     public override string Four() { return "IV"; }     public override string Five() { return "V"; }     public override string Nine() { return "IX"; }     public override int Multiplier() { return 1; }   } }

Output MCMXXVIII = 1928

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternInterpreter.aspx