策略模式（Strategy）

1.    定义

       它定义了算法家族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以相互替换，此模式让算法的变化，不会影响到使用算法的客户。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Strategy pattern -- Structural example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Strategy.Structural {   ///<summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Strategy Design Pattern.   ///</summary>   classMainApp   {     ///<summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     ///</summary>     staticvoid Main()     {       Context context;         // Three contexts following different strategies       context = new Context(newConcreteStrategyA());       context.ContextInterface();         context = new Context(newConcreteStrategyB());       context.ContextInterface();         context = new Context(newConcreteStrategyC());       context.ContextInterface();         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Strategy' abstract class   ///</summary>   abstractclass Strategy   {     publicabstract void AlgorithmInterface();   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classConcreteStrategyA : Strategy   {     publicoverride void AlgorithmInterface()     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Called ConcreteStrategyA.AlgorithmInterface()");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classConcreteStrategyB : Strategy   {     publicoverride void AlgorithmInterface()     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Called ConcreteStrategyB.AlgorithmInterface()");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classConcreteStrategyC : Strategy   {     publicoverride void AlgorithmInterface()     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Called ConcreteStrategyC.AlgorithmInterface()");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Context' class   ///</summary>   classContext   {     privateStrategy _strategy;       // Constructor     public Context(Strategy strategy)     {       this._strategy = strategy;     }       publicvoid ContextInterface()     {       _strategy.AlgorithmInterface();     }   } }

Output Called ConcreteStrategyA.AlgorithmInterface() Called ConcreteStrategyB.AlgorithmInterface() Called ConcreteStrategyC.AlgorithmInterface()

4.      实例代码

// Strategy pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Strategy.RealWorld {   ///<summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Strategy Design Pattern.   ///</summary>   classMainApp   {     ///<summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     ///</summary>     staticvoid Main()     {       // Two contexts following different strategies       SortedList studentRecords =new SortedList();         studentRecords.Add("Samual");       studentRecords.Add("Jimmy");       studentRecords.Add("Sandra");       studentRecords.Add("Vivek");       studentRecords.Add("Anna");         studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(newQuickSort());       studentRecords.Sort();         studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(newShellSort());       studentRecords.Sort();         studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(newMergeSort());       studentRecords.Sort();         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Strategy' abstract class   ///</summary>   abstractclass SortStrategy   {     publicabstract void Sort(List<string> list);   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classQuickSort : SortStrategy   {     publicoverride void Sort(List<string> list)     {       list.Sort(); // Default is Quicksort       Console.WriteLine("QuickSorted list ");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classShellSort : SortStrategy   {     publicoverride void Sort(List<string> list)     {       //list.ShellSort(); not-implemented       Console.WriteLine("ShellSorted list ");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class   ///</summary>   classMergeSort : SortStrategy   {     publicoverride void Sort(List<string> list)     {       //list.MergeSort(); not-implemented       Console.WriteLine("MergeSorted list ");     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Context' class   ///</summary>   classSortedList   {     privateList<string> _list =new List<string>();     privateSortStrategy _sortstrategy;       publicvoid SetSortStrategy(SortStrategy sortstrategy)     {       this._sortstrategy = sortstrategy;     }       publicvoid Add(string name)     {       _list.Add(name);     }       publicvoid Sort()     {       _sortstrategy.Sort(_list);         // Iterate over list and display results       foreach (string namein _list)       {         Console.WriteLine(" " + name);       }       Console.WriteLine();     }   } }

Output QuickSorted list  Anna  Jimmy  Samual  Sandra  Vivek ShellSorted list  Anna  Jimmy  Samual  Sandra  Vivek MergeSorted list  Anna  Jimmy  Samual  Sandra  Vivek

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternStrategy.aspx