AWK 内建变量FS,NF,NR,FNR,RT,RS,ORS,OFS

  看了网上好多关于AWK内建变量的文章，这里加上个人的理解和记忆，可以让大家掌握这些变量的基本用法。

FS 指定字段列分隔符（Font Space）

[~/AWK_learning]$ echo "111|222|333" | awk '{print $1}'
111|222|333
[~/AWK_learning]$ echo "111|222|333" | awk 'BEGIN{FS="|"}{print $1}'
111

OFS 指定输出字段列分隔符（Output Font space）

[~/AWK_learning]$ echo "111 222 333" |awk 'BEGIN{OFS="|";}{print $1,$2,$3}'
111|222|333

RS指定行分隔符 默认分隔符为\n（Row Space）

[~/AWK_learning]$  echo "111 222|333 444|555 666" | awk 'BEGIN{RS="|"}{print $0}'
111 222
333 444
555 666

ORS指定输出行分隔符

[~/AWK_learning]$ awk 'BEGIN{ORS="|";}{print $0;}' test.txt
111 222|333 444|555 666

RT 代指行分隔符

[~/AWK_learning]$  echo "111 222|333 444|555 666" | awk 'BEGIN{RS="|"}{print $0,RT}'
111 222 |
333 444 |
555 666 |

NF 每行字段总数(Number of Font)

[~/AWK_learning]$ cat test.txt
111 222
333 444
555 666
[~/AWK_learning]$ awk '{print NF}' test.txt
2
2
2
[~/AWK_learning]$ awk '{print $NF}' test.txt
222
444
666

NR 当前行数(Number of Row)

[~/AWK_learning]$ cat test.txt
111 222
333 444
555 666 777
[~/AWK_learning]$ awk '{print NR}' test.txt
1
2
3
[~/AWK_learning]$ awk '{print $NR}' test.txt
111
444
777

FNR 当前文件行数(Number of Row in File)

  FNR与NR的区别用下面的例子可以很好的解释：

[~/AWK_learning/20171201]$ cat f1
111 A
222 B
333 C

[~/AWK_learning/20171201]$ cat f2
i have 111
he has 222
she has 333

[~/AWK_learning/20171201]$ awk '{print NR,$0}' f1 f2
1 111 A
2 222 B
3 333 C
4 i have 111
5 he has 222
6 she has 333

[~/AWK_learning/20171201]$ awk '{print FNR,$0}' f1 f2
1 111 A
2 222 B
3 333 C
1 i have 111
2 he has 222
3 she has 333