首先要明确:
1.每个析构函数(不加 virtual) 只负责清除自己的成员。
2.可能有基类指针,指向的确是派生类成员的情况。(这是很正常的),
那么当析构一个指向派生类成员的基类指针时,程序就不知道怎么办了。
所以要保证运行适当的析构函数,基类中的析构函数必须为虚析构。
基类指针可以指向派生类的对象(多态性),如果删除该指针delete []p;就会调用该指针指向的派生类析构函数,而派生类的析构函数又自动调用基类的析构函数,这样整个派生类的对象完全被释放。如果析构函数不被声明成虚函数,则编译器实施静态绑定,在删除基类指针时,只会调用基类的析构函数而不调用派生类析构函数,这样就会造成派生类对象析构不完全。所以,将析构函数声明为虚函数是十分必要的。
示例代码:
1.第一段代码
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
};
int main(){
ClxDerived *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
Do something in class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
2.第二段代码
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; }
};
int main(){
ClxBase *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
输出结果:
Do something in class ClxBase!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
3.第三段代码:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClxBase{
public:
ClxBase() {};
virtual ~ClxBase() {cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!" << endl;};
virtual void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxBase!" << endl; };
};
class ClxDerived : public ClxBase{
public:
ClxDerived() {};
~ClxDerived() { cout << "Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
void DoSomething() { cout << "Do something in class ClxDerived!" << endl; };
};
int main(){
ClxBase *p = new ClxDerived;
p->DoSomething();
delete p;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
Do something in class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxDerived!
Output from the destructor of class ClxBase!
内容来自:
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/207712177.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7c773cc50100y9hz.html
转过来是为了做一个笔记,方便自己以后查看这个知识点。感谢以上链接处的作者们!!