线程安全
1. 什么时候数据在多线程并发的条件下会存在线程安全问题?
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1.1. 多线程并发环境下
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1.2. 数据共享
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1.3. 涉及数据的修改操作
2. 如何解决线程安全问题?
3. 线程同步涉及到两个模型:
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异步编程模型: 线程t1和线程t2各自执行,多线程并发执行,这种称为"异步编程模型"
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同步编程模型:线程t1和线程t2在执行时,t1需要等待t2执行结束,才能执行,或者t2需要等待t1执行结束才能执行,线程之间存在了等待关系,称之为"同步编程模型"
4. 用银行取钱程序,模拟线程并发,带来的线程安全问题
银行账户Account
package ThreadSafe;
public class Account {
private String name;
private double balance;
public Account() {
}
public Account(String name, double balance) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.balance = balance;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(double balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account [name=" + name + ", balance=" + balance + "]";
}
public double drawMoney(double money) {
double balance = this.balance - money;
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.setBalance(balance);
return balance;
}
}
线程
package ThreadSafe;
public class AccountThread implements Runnable{
private Account account;
public AccountThread(Account account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " ---> " + account.drawMoney(1000));
}
}
测试
package ThreadSafe;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account("act1",10000);
Thread t = new Thread(new AccountThread(account));
Thread t1 = new Thread(new AccountThread(account));
t.setName("t");
t1.setName("t1");
t.start();
t1.start();
}
}
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以上程序在执行过程中,t线程在进行取款操作之后(double balance = this.balance - money;),如果在更新余额之前t1线程进入,并且读入余额,那么将会导致两个线程都取走1000块钱,最后余额还剩9000,以上用sleep()模拟网络延迟,当t线程修改余额后(10000-1000),未能及时更新,此时t1线程会读入之前的余额(10000)
5. 如何解决以上问题?
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使用线程同步机制,让线程排队执行
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加入synchronized关键字,锁住当前对象this
synchronized (this) {
double balance = this.balance - money;
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.setBalance(balance);
return balance;
}
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以上代码执行原理: 假设t线程和t1线程并发执行以上代码,如果t线程先执行到此处,遇到了synchronized关键字,此时会去找"共享对象的对象锁",此时的共享对象即为account对象,找到之后占有这把锁,然后进入代码快执行,在执行期间,一直是占有这把锁的,直到执行结束,才会归还,如果在t线程执行过程中,t1也遇到synchronized,也会去找这把对象锁,但是这把锁由t线程占有,t1只能等待t线程执行完毕后归还这把锁,t1才能拿到锁继续往下执行!