杂项：Linux常用命令

Command	Description
File Commands
ls	List the content of the current directory
ls -R	List the subdirectories recursively
ls -a	List all the content, including hidden files
ls -l	List the content and its information
pwd	Output the current directory that you are in
cd folder1	Change the working directory to folder1
cd	Return to the $Home directory
cd ..	Go up a directory
cd -	Return to the previous directory
cp source destination	Copy source to destination
cp -r source destination	Copy a folder recursively from source to destination
mv source destination	Move (or rename) a file from source to destination
rm file1	Remove file1
rm -f file1	Remove file1 without prompt
rm -r folder	Remove a folder and its content recursively
mkdir foldername	Create a new folder foldername
rmdir foldername	Remove an empty folder
file file1	Show the file type of file1
cat file1 file2	Concatenate file1 to file 2
cat > file1	Concatenate standard input to file1
less file1	View and paginate file1
head file1	Show first 10 lines of file1
tail file1	Show last 10 lines of file1
chmod 777 file	Change file permission of file to 777
chown user:group file	Change ownership of file to user and group group
ln -s source destination	Create a symbolic link from source to destination
File Encryption and Compression
gpg -c file	Encrypt file
gpg file.gpg	Decrypt file.gpg
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar	Create archive.tar from files foo and bar
tar -xf archive.tar	Extract all files from archive.tar.
gzip file1	Compress file1 and rename it to file1.gz
gzip -d file1.gz	Decompress file1.gz
System Commands
uname -a	Show system and kernel
head -n1 /etc/issue	Show distribution
mount	Show mounted filesystems
date	Show system date
uptime	Show system uptime
whoami	Show your username
w	Display who is online
man command	Show manual for command
!!	Repeat the last command
exit	Log out of current session
File Searching Commands
grep pattern files	Search for pattern in files
grep -i	Case insensitive search
grep -r	Recursive search
grep -v	Inverted search
grep -o	Show matched part of file only
locate file1	Find file1
whereis command	Find binary/source/manual for command
which app	Locate a command for the app
look string file1	Display any lines in file1 which contain string as a prefix.
Process Management
ps	Show snapshot of processes
top	Show real time processes
kill pid	Kill process with id pid
pkill name	Kill process with name name
killall name	Kill all processes with names beginning name
Disk Space
df -h	Show free space on mounted filesystems
du -h folder	Show file usage of each folder in folder
du -sh folder	Show the total file size of folder
fdisk -l	Show disks partitions sizes and types (run as root)
free	Show memory and swap usage