Python 基础练习02

#!/usr/local/bin/python
#encoding:utf-8

'''
小练习 6
遍历一个序列[1,2,3,2,12,3,1,3,21,2,2,3,4111,22,3333,444,111,4,5,777,65555,45,33,45]
求这个list的最大的值
'''
# arr = [1,2,3,2,12,3,1,3,21,2,2,3,4111,22,3333,444,111,4,5,777,65555,45,33,45]
# Max = 0
# for i in arr:
#     if i>Max:
#         Max=i
# print Max

#小练习 7
#用户输入数字 判断是不是闰年
#如果是100的倍数，要被400整除
#被4整除
#比如1900不是闰年，2000，2004是闰年
#如果输入不是闰年，提示信息，并且继续输入
# x = int(raw_input('请输入一个年份 '))
# while not ((x%100==0 and x/400>0) or (x%4==0 and x%100!=0)):
#     x = int(raw_input('您输入的不是闰年，请重新尝试一个年份： '))
# print '您输入是闰年'

# while True:
#     num = int(raw_input('please input a number : '))
#     if (num%4==0 and num%100!=0) or num%400==0:
#         print 'Yes'
#         break
#     print 'No'

'''
list是有顺序的[]
dict是没有顺序的{}
'''

# d = {'name':'chris','age':20}
# print d['name'] # 根据key获取value
# d['age'] = 50 # 修改值
# d['newkey'] = 'newval' # 新增
# print d

'''
小练习 8
['C','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node']
求出这个list中，每个字符出现的次数
'''

# arr = ['C','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node','js','python','js','css','js','html','node']
# d = {}
# for i in arr:
#     if i not in d:
#         d[i]=1
#     else:
#         d[i]+=1
# print d

'''
Linux下Python脚本执行方式./xx.py
'''

# arr = ['zxc',1,False]
# print False in arr

'''
小练习 01
实现 in
'''

# arr = ['zxc','fadf',145,632]
# s = raw_input('input a string: ')
# is_in_arr = False
# for i in arr:
#     if i==s:
#         is_in_arr = True
#     else:
#         pass
# print is_in_arr

'''
***切片可以赋值
'''
# arr = ['c','python','js','css','php','html']
# arr[2:4]=['Alvin','Sherman']

#指定位置插入元素
# arr[1:1]=['Alvin','Sherman']
#指定位置删除元素
# arr[2:4]=[]

#实现append功能
# arr[len(arr):]=[2,]
# print arr

'''
实现一个list排序
'''
# arr = [4111,22,3333,444,111,4,5,777,65555,45,33,45]
# for i in range(len(arr)-1):
#     for j in range(len(arr)-i-1):
#         if arr[j+1]<arr[j]:
#             arr[j+1],arr[j]=arr[j],arr[j+1]
#         else:
#             pass
# print arr

'''
count统计list中某个元素的出现次数
'''
# arr = [1,2,6,4,5,7,3,2,4,1,2,3,1,3,2,1]
# print arr.count(1)

'''
小练习 03
实现fromkeys的功能
'''
# a={}.fromkeys(['age','name'])
# b={}.fromkeys(['age','name'],['wd','hgf0'])
# def fkey(list,k=None):
#     dict={}
#     for i in list:
#         dict[i]=k
#     return dict
# z=fkey(['age','name'],['wd','hgf0'])
# print z

'''
get
更宽松的通过key访问value的方式，key不存在不会报错，可以提供默认值
'''
# d = {}
# # print d['name']
# print d.get('name')
# print d.get('name','chenhao')
# d['name']='Alvin'
# print d.get('name','chenhao')

'''
has_key
has_key与in的功能一样
'''
# d={}
# print d.has_key('name')

'''
items将字典所有项以列表的形式返回，每一项是(key, value)
'''
#
# d={'name':'wd','age':20}
# print d.items()
# print dict(d.items())

'''
keys字典中的键，以列表的形式返回
'''
# d={'name':'wd','age':20}
# print d.keys()

'''
popitem类似于list.pop,弹出一个随机的项
'''
# d = {'name':'wd','age':12}
# print d.popitem()
# print d

'''
setdefault类似于get，可以赋默认值
当字典中没有改key值时，setdefault可以赋值并返回相应赋予的值
注意当字典中该key对应值为None时，setdefault不会进行赋值，因为存在key值
'''
# d = {'name':'Chris'}
# d = {'name':None}
# print d.setdefault('name','pc')
# print d

'''
update 可以用一个字典去更新另一个字典
存在相应key值即更新，不存在即新增
'''
# d = {'name':'Chris'}
# d1 = {'name':'Alvin'}
# d.update(d1)
# print d

'''
小练习 05 实现update功能
'''

'''
小练习 06 把一个dict的key和value反转
如果value有重复的，把多个key放在list
提示：判断是否list
print isinstance([1,2,3],list)
print type([1,2])==type([])
比如{'teach':'pc','waihao':'pc','name':'pc','age':12,'job':'IT'}
期望输出{'pc':['teach','waihao','name'],12:'age','IT':'job'}
'''

# dict1 = {'teach':'pc','waihao':'pc','name':'pc','age':12,'job':'IT'}
# dict2 = {}
# for key in dict1:
#     if dict1[key] not in dict2:
#         dict2[dict1[key]]=key
#     else:
#         if isinstance(dict2[dict1[key]],list):
#             dict2[dict1[key]].append(key)
#         else:
#             dict2[dict1[key]]=[dict2[dict1[key]],key]
# print dict2

#方法2
# def rev(dic):
#     newDic = {}
#     for key,val in dic.items():
#         if val not in newDic:
#             newDic[val]=key
#         else:
#             if isinstance(newDic[val],list):
#                 newDic[val].append(key)
#             else:
#                 newDic[val] = [newDic[val],key]
#     return newDic
#
# def rev2(dic):
#     newDic = {}
#     for key,val in dic.items():
#         if isinstance(val,list):
#             for i in val:
#                 newDic[i] = key
#         else:
#             newDic[val] = key
#     return newDic
#
# d = {'teach':'pc','waihao':'pc','name':'pc','age':12,'job':'IT'}
# print rev(d)
# print rev2(rev(d))

'''
字符串
'''
# str = 'hello'
# print str[0]

'''
字符串的拼接
join
'''
# print '|'.join(['hello','world'])

'''
字符串 find
find(a)检测str是否包含a
检测是否包含在指定的范围内，如果在则返回开始的索引值，否则返回-1
'''

# print 'helloworld'.find('e')
# print 'helloworld'.find('s')
# print 'helloworld'.find('o',5)

'''
字符串 index
index用法和find一样，但是不存在的时候会报错
'''
# print 'helloworld'.index('e')
# print 'helloworld'.index('s')

'''
字符串
capitalize upper lower
'''

# print 'hello'.capitalize()
# print 'hello'.upper()
# print 'hello'.lower()

'''
小练习 09
用户输入员工姓名和ID，名字和ID之间用":"分隔，多个用户之间用","分割
最终输入所有用户对应ID的信息
比如用户输入user1:112,user2:119,user3:114
最终输出[('user1',112),('user2',119),('user3',114)]
'''

# users = raw_input('please input username and id :')
# users = 'user1:112,user2:119,user3:114'
# splitUsers=users.split(',')
# dic = {}
# for i in range(len(splitUsers)):
#     lst = splitUsers[i].split(':')
#     dic[lst[0]] = lst[1]
# print dic.items()

#方法2
#a = raw_input('please input username and id :')
a = 'user1:112,user2:119,user3:114'
s1 = []
for i in a.split(','):
    s1.append(tuple(i.split(':')))
print s1

'''
作业：第二题统计字符数量之后，打印出次数前10的字符
'''