nginx 使用upstream 模块实现负载均衡

一、负载均衡的作用

1、转发功能

按照一定的算法【权重、轮询】，将客户端请求转发到不同应用服务器上，减轻单个服务器压力，提高系统并发量。

2、故障移除

通过心跳检测的方式，判断应用服务器当前是否可以正常工作，如果服务器期宕掉，自动将请求发送到其他应用服务器。

3、恢复添加

如检测到发生故障的应用服务器恢复工作，自动将其添加到处理用户请求队伍中。

最近在项目开发的时候遇到需要使用集群的配置，需要使用nginx做负载均衡，于是就研究了下如何使用nginx做这块的东西。

1、首先准备三台linux服务器做练习

主服务器：http://10.1.253.162/

服务器1：http://10.1.253.186:9999/

服务器2：http://10.1.253.189:9999/

然后直接安装nginx服务，分别启动三个服务器。

在主服务器配置代理,代理配置如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
	upstream server_http {
		server 	10.1.253.186:9999 weight=5;
		server  10.1.253.189:9999 weight=5;
	}
    server {
        listen       9999;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
	proxy_pass http://server_http;

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

代理配置

upstream server_http {
		server 	10.1.253.186:9999 weight=5;
		server  10.1.253.189:9999 weight=5;
	}

入口：

proxy_pass http://server_http;

然后每次刷新主服务器ip就可以分别按权重去访问对应的服务器，就可以实现负载均衡效果了。

运行结果：

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozhang666/p/13618135.html