拦截器与过滤器的区别以及如何自定义一个过滤器和拦截器

拦截器与过滤器的区别 ：

     1. 拦截器是基于java的反射机制的，而过滤器是基于函数回调。
     2. 拦截器不依赖与servlet容器，过滤器依赖与servlet容器。
     3. 拦截器只能对action请求起作用，而过滤器则可以对几乎所有的请求起作用。
     4. 拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象，而过滤器不能访问。

     5. 在action的生命周期中，拦截器可以多次被调用，而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次.

自定义一个拦截器(SpringMVC):

Spring MVC也可以使用拦截器对请求进行拦截处理，用户可以自定义拦截器来实现特定的功能，自定义的拦截器必须实现HandlerInterceptor接口。

代码如下:

1.       
       import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  
       import java.net.URLDecoder;  
       import java.util.Iterator;  
       import java.util.Map;  
         
       import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
         
       import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;  
       import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;  
       import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;  
         
       import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;  
       import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;  
          
       public class UrlDecodeFilterInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {  
           private static final long serialVersionUID = -2335290125344040914L;  
           private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(UrlDecodeFilterInterceptor.class);  
         
           public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {  
               Map parameters = invocation.getInvocationContext().getParameters();  
               HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext. getRequest();   
                 
               if("get".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())){  
                   for (Iterator i = parameters.keySet().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {  
                       String param = (String) i.next();  
                       String[] values = (String[])parameters.get(param);  
                       if(values != null && values.length > 0){  
                           for (int j = 0; j < values.length; j++) {  
                               if(values[j] != null && !"".equals(values[j])){  
                                   try {  
                                       values[j] = new String(values[j].getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");  
                                       parameters.put(param, values[j]);  
                                   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
                                       e1.printStackTrace();  
                                   }   
                               }  
                           }  
                       }  
                   }  
               }  
                 
               if("application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8".equals(request.getContentType())){  
                   for (Iterator i = parameters.keySet().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {  
                       String param = (String) i.next();  
                       String[] values = (String[])parameters.get(param);  
                       if(values != null && values.length > 0){  
                           for (int j = 0; j < values.length; j++) {  
                               if(values[j] != null && !"".equals(values[j])){  
                                   try {  
                                       values[j] = URLDecoder.decode(values[j], "UTF-8");  
                                       parameters.put(param, values[j]);  
                                   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
                                       e1.printStackTrace();  
                                   }   
                               }  
                           }  
                       }  
                   }  
               }         
         
               return invocation.invoke();  
           }  
       } 
   配置文件如
   <interceptors>  
               <interceptor name="urlDecodeFilterInterceptor"  
                   class="com.whaty.platform.sso.web.interceptor.UrlDecodeFilterInterceptor">  
               </interceptor>  
                 
               <interceptor-stack name="urlDecodeStack">  
                   <interceptor-ref name="urlDecodeFilterInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>  
                   <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>  
               </interceptor-stack>  
                 
           </interceptors>
   
   当然,处理编码集可以通过springmvc自带的过滤器进行拦截,只需要在web.xml中配置即
   <filter>
       <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
       <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
       <init-param>
         <param-name>encoding</param-name>
         <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
       </init-param>
     </filter>
     <filter-mapping>
       <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
     </filter-mapping>
   
   自定义一个过滤器:
   
   定义一个类去实现Filter.
   
   代码实现
   
   public class JspExportFilter implements Filter {
   	@Override
   	public void destroy() {
   		
   	}
   	
   	@Override
   	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
   		FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
   		//判断导出格式
   		String type= request.getParameter("t");
   		
   		//文件名称（解码）
   		String exportName = URLDecoder.decode(request.getParameter("n"),"UTF-8");
   		
   		//编码
   		exportName = URLEncoder.encode(exportName, "UTF-8");
   		
   		if(exportName == null || exportName.isEmpty()){
   			exportName = "export";
   		}
   	
   		if(type==null){
   			//null
   			chain.doFilter(request, response);
   			return;
   		}
   		//使用我们自定义的响应包装器来包装原始的ServletResponse
   		ResponseWrapper wrapper = new ResponseWrapper((HttpServletResponse)response);
   		//这句话非常重要，注意看到第二个参数是我们的包装器而不是response
   		chain.doFilter(request, wrapper);
   		String result = wrapper.getResult();
   		HttpServletResponse httpResp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
   		httpResp.reset();
   		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   		httpResp.setContentType("application/download");
   	
   		ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
   		try{
   			if("xls".equals(type)){
   				//xls
   				String place="<html xmlns:v=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml\" "
   						+ "xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" "
   						+ "xmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel\" "
   						+ "xmlns:m=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml\" "
   						+ "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\">";
   				result = result.replace("<html>", place);
   				httpResp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+exportName+".xls");
   				sos.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
   			}else if("doc".equals(type)){
   				//doc
   				String place="<html xmlns:v=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml\" "
   						+ "xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" "
   						+ "xmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\" "
   						+ "xmlns:m=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml\" "
   						+ "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\">";
   				result = result.replace("<html>", place);
   				httpResp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+exportName+".doc");
   				sos.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
   			}else if("pdf".equals(type)){
   				//pdf
   				httpResp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+exportName+".pdf");
   				try {
   					this.htmlCodeComeString(result, response.getOutputStream());
   				} catch (Exception e) {
   					BeanLog.getLogger().fatal("pdf export", e);
   					throw new IOException("pdf export", e);
   				}
   			}
   		}finally{
   			sos.close();
   			response.flushBuffer();
   		}
   	}
   	
   	@Override
   	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
   		
   	}
   	
   	private void htmlCodeComeString(String htmlCode, OutputStream outstream) throws Exception {
   		Document doc = new Document(PageSize.A4.rotate());
   		try {
   			PdfWriter writer =PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, outstream);
   			ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(htmlCode.getBytes("UTF-8"));
   			// 解决中文问题：需要在导出jsp的样式中设置font-family: SimSun。例如：
   			/*
   			body{
   				font-size:12.0px; font-family: SimSun;
   			}
   			*/
   			//jsp必须是xhtml，而且头必须引入
   			//<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
   			doc.open();
   			XMLWorkerHelper.getInstance().parseXHtml(writer,
   					doc, bis, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
   			doc.close();
   			bis.close();
   		}catch(Exception e) {
   			BeanLog.getLogger().fatal("pdf export", e);
   			throw e;
   		}
   	}
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

            在web.xml中配置

<filter>
    <filter-name>jspExport</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.jbns.easymaster.web.sysmgr.filter.JspExportFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>jspExport</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/export/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>