SQL-DDL-表操作-创建&查询&修改

# 查询
show tables;
# 查询表结构
desc 表名;
# 查询指定表的建表语句
show create table 表名;

# 表的创建
create table 表名(
    字段1 字段1类型[comment 字段1注释],
    字段2 字段2类型[comment 字段2注释],
    字段3 字段3类型[comment 字段3注释],
    ......
    字段n 字段n类型[comment 字段n注释]
)[comment 表注释];


# 表操作-修改
alter table 表名 add 字段名 类型(长度) [comment 注释][约束]; #添加
alter table 表名 modify 字段名 新数据类型(长度); #修改数据类型
alter table 表名 change 旧字段名 新字段名 类型(长度) [comment注释][约束];
#修改字段名和字段类型
alter table 表名 drop 字段名;# 删除
alter table 表名 rename to 新表名; # 修改表名


drop table [if exists]表名;# 删除表
truncate table 表名;       # 删除表，并重新创建该表头。两者都会删除全部的内容。

################# 运行及结果 ####################

mysql> use itheima;
Database changed
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| itheima    |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use sys;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_sys                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| host_summary                                  |
| host_summary_by_file_io                       |
| host_summary_by_file_io_type                  |
| host_summary_by_stages                        |
| host_summary_by_statement_latency             |



101 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use itcast;
Database changed

mysql> create table tb_user(
    -> id int comment '编号',
    -> name varchar(50) comment '姓名',
    -> age int comment '年龄',
    -> gender varchar(1) comment '性别'
    -> ) comment '用户表';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_itcast |
+------------------+
| tb_user          |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> desc tb_user;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id     | int         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name   | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age    | int         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gender | varchar(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show create table tb_user;
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table   | Create Table



                                              |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tb_user | CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
  `id` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '编号',
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  `age` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `gender` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='用户表' |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)



mysql> alter table emp add nikename varchar(20) comment '昵称';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field     | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id        | int              | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| workno    | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name      | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gender    | char(1)          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age       | tinyint unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| idcard    | char(18)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| entrydate | date             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| nikename  | varchar(20)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table emp change nikename username varchar(30) comment '用户名';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field     | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id        | int              | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| workno    | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name      | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gender    | char(1)          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age       | tinyint unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| idcard    | char(18)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| entrydate | date             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| username  | varchar(30)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table emp drop username;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field     | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id        | int              | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| workno    | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name      | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gender    | char(1)          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age       | tinyint unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| idcard    | char(18)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| entrydate | date             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table emp rename to employee;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)


mysql> desc emp;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'itcast.emp' doesn't exist
mysql> desc employee;
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field     | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id        | int              | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| workno    | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name      | varchar(10)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gender    | char(1)          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age       | tinyint unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| idcard    | char(18)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| entrydate | date             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_itcast |
+------------------+
| employee         |
| tb_user          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)