unicode 和char的转换

MultiByteToWideChar和WideCharToMultiByte用法2008-05-15 16:22这个是我们需要转化的多字节字符串: char sText[20] = {"多字节字符串!OK!"};我们需要知道转化后的宽字符需要多少个数组空间.虽然在这个里程里面,我们可以直接定义一个20*2宽字符的数组,并且事实上将运行得非常轻松愉快.但假如多字节字符串更多,达到上千个乃至上万个,我们将会发现其中浪费的内存将会越来越多.所以以多字节字符的个数的两倍作为宽字符数组下标的声明绝对不是一个好主意.所幸,我们能够确知所需要的数组空间.我们只需要将MultiByteToWideChar()的第四个形参设为-1,即可返回所需的短字符数组空间的个数:DWORD dwNum = MultiByteToWideChar (CP_ACP, 0, sText, -1, NULL, 0);接下来,我们只需要分配响应的数组空间:wchar_t *pwText;pwText = new wchar_t[dwNum];if(!pwText){   delete []pwText;}接着,我们就可以着手进行转换了.在这里以转换成ASCII码做为例子:MultiByteToWideChar (CP_ACP, 0, psText, -1, sText, dwSize);最后,使用完毕当然要记得释放占用的内存:delete []psText;同理,宽字符转为多字节字符的代码如下: wchar_t wText[20] = {L"宽字符转换实例!OK!"};DWORD dwNum = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_OEMCP,NULL,lpcwszStr,-1,NULL,0,NULL,FALSE);char *psText;psText = new char[dwNum];if(!psText){   delete []psText;}WideCharToMultiByte (CP_OEMCP,NULL,lpcwszStr,-1,psText,dwNum,NULL,FALSE);delete []psText;   如果之前我们已经分配好空间,并且由于字符串较短,可以不理会浪费的空间,仅仅只是想简单地将短字符和宽字符相互转换,那有没有什么简便的方法呢?   WIN32 API里没有符合这种要求的函数,但我们可以自己进行封装:    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//Description:// This function maps a character string to a wide-character (Unicode) stringParameters:// lpcszStr: [in] Pointer to the character string to be converted // lpwszStr: [out] Pointer to a buffer that receives the translated string. // dwSize: [in] Size of the bufferReturn Values:// TRUE: Succeed// FALSE: Failed// //Example:// MByteToWChar(szA,szW,sizeof(szW)/sizeof(szW[0]));//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BOOL MByteToWChar(LPCSTR lpcszStr, LPWSTR lpwszStr, DWORD dwSize){    // Get the required size of the buffer that receives the Unicode     // string.     DWORD dwMinSize;    dwMinSize = MultiByteToWideChar (CP_ACP, 0, lpcszStr, -1, NULL, 0);    if(dwSize < dwMinSize)    {     return FALSE;    }       // Convert headers from ASCII to Unicode.    MultiByteToWideChar (CP_ACP, 0, lpcszStr, -1, lpwszStr, dwMinSize);     return TRUE;}//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//Description:// This function maps a wide-character string to a new character stringParameters:// lpcwszStr: [in] Pointer to the character string to be converted // lpszStr: [out] Pointer to a buffer that receives the translated string. // dwSize: [in] Size of the bufferReturn Values:// TRUE: Succeed// FALSE: Failed// //Example:// MByteToWChar(szW,szA,sizeof(szA)/sizeof(szA[0]));//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BOOL WCharToMByte(LPCWSTR lpcwszStr, LPSTR lpszStr, DWORD dwSize){   DWORD dwMinSize;   dwMinSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_OEMCP,NULL,lpcwszStr,-1,NULL,0,NULL,FALSE);   if(dwSize < dwMinSize)   {    return FALSE;   }   WideCharToMultiByte(CP_OEMCP,NULL,lpcwszStr,-1,lpszStr,dwSize,NULL,FALSE);   return TRUE;}使用方法也很简单,示例如下:wchar_t wText[10] = {L"函数示例"};char sText[20]= {0};WCharToMByte(wText,sText,sizeof(sText)/sizeof(sText[0]));MByteToWChar(sText,wText,sizeof(wText)/sizeof(wText[0]));这两个函数的缺点在于无法动态分配内存,在转换很长的字符串时可能会浪费较多内存空间;优点是,在不考虑浪费空间的情况下转换较短字符串非常方便.