【仅用于个人整理记忆】LeetCode算法题之13. Roman to Integer（easy）

声明：

如标题所示，因本人为AI路上的新手，文章仅用于辅助个人的整理记忆，理解难免有偏差之处，都是个人拙见，如给其他同僚造成困扰，还请见谅，非常非常非常欢迎私信共同讨论，共同进步

题目描述如下：
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9. 
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90. 
C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

Example 1:

Input: “III”
Output: 3

Example 2:

Input: “IV”
Output: 4

Example 3:

Input: “IX”
Output: 9

Example 4:

Input: “LVIII”
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.

Example 5:

Input: “MCMXCIV”
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

少废话，上代码：

class Solution:
    def RomanToInt(self, s):
        ans = 0
        d0 = {"I": 1, "V": 5, "X": 10, "L": 50, "C": 100, "D": 500, "M": 1000}
        d1 = {"IV": 4, "IX": 9, "XL": 40, "XC": 90, "CD": 400, "CM": 900}

        #第一次循环，将所有罗马组合这种代表找出，
        #且替换掉，目的是方便下次直接遍历s，没有干扰项
        for i in d1:
            if i in s:
                ans += d1.get(i)#get（）操作，直接得到键值对中的值
                s = s.replace(i, "")
        for j in s:
            if j in d0:
                ans += d0.get(j)

        return ans

时间空间复杂度如下：

• Runtime: 40 ms, faster than 88.69% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.
• Memory Usage: 13 MB, less than 100.00% of Python3 online submissions for Roman to Integer.