tomcat深入剖析-一个简单的Web容器学习笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Dalton2017/article/details/80674155

第一章一个简单的Web容器

本章主要介绍了web服务器是如何运行的。Web一般也称为超文本传输协议服务器，因为服务器与客户端(通常是浏览器)进行通讯，一般基于java中重要的两个类 java.net.Socket 和java.net.ServerSocket类，通过发送http消息进行通信。

1.1 HTTP

http 允许 Web服务器和浏览器通过internet发送并接收数据，是一种基于“请求-响应”的协议。客户端进行请求，服务端对该请求进行响应。

http请求一般包含以下三个部分：

请求方法

请求头

实体

1.2 HTTP请求实例如下(request)

            POST /examples/default.jsp HTTP/1.1
            Accept: text/plain; text/html
            Accept-Language: en-gb
            Connection: Keep-Alive
            Host: localhost
            User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows 98)
            Content-Length: 33
            Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
            Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

lastName=Franks&firstName=Michael

1.3 HTTP响应示例如下(response)

                HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                Server: Microsoft-IIS/4.0
                Date: Mon, 5 Jan 2004 13:13:33 GMT
                Content-Type: text/html
                Last-Modified: Mon, 5 Jan 2004 13:13:12 GMT
                Content-Length: 112

                <html>
                <head>
                <title>HTTP Response Example</title>
                </head>
                <body>
                    Welcome to Brainy Software
                </body>

</html>

1.4 Socket 类

            Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", "8080"); //建立连接
          OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); //获取输出流
            boolean autoflush = true;
          PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(
socket.getOutputStream(), autoflush); //设置自动flush
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputstream() ));

// send an HTTP request to the web server
out.println("GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.1"); //拼装HTTP请求信息
out.println("Host: localhost:8080");

out.println("Connection: Close");
out.println();

// read the response
boolean loop = true;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(8096);
while (loop) {
    if ( in.ready() ) {
          int i=0;
        while (i!=-1) {
            i = in.read();
            sb.append((char) i);
       }
      loop = false;
        }
Thread.currentThread().sleep(50); //由于是阻塞写入，暂停50ms，保证可以写入。
}

// display the response to the out console
System.out.println(sb.toString());

socket.close();

1.5 ServerSocket

Socket类表示一个客户端socket，相应的ServerSocket类表示了一个服务器端应用。服务器端socket需要等待来自客户端的连接请求。一旦ServerSocket接收到来自客户端的连接请求，它会实例化一个Socket类的对象来处理与客户端的通信

1.6 应用举例

以下三个类 HttpServer Request Response

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;

public class HttpServer {

/** WEB_ROOT is the directory where our HTML and other files reside.
* For this package, WEB_ROOT is the "webroot" directory under the working
* directory.
* The working directory is the location in the file system
* from where the java command was invoked.
*/
public static final String WEB_ROOT =
System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "webroot";

// shutdown command
private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

// the shutdown command received
private boolean shutdown = false;

public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
server.await();
}

public void await() {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
int port = 8080;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}

// Loop waiting for a request
while (!shutdown) {
Socket socket = null;
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
try {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
input = socket.getInputStream();
output = socket.getOutputStream();

// create Request object and parse
Request request = new Request(input);
request.parse();

// create Response object
Response response = new Response(output);
response.setRequest(request);
response.sendStaticResource();

// Close the socket
socket.close();

//check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
continue;
}
}
}
}

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Request {

private InputStream input;
private String uri;

public Request(InputStream input) {
this.input = input;
}

public void parse() {
// Read a set of characters from the socket
StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
int i;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
try {
i = input.read(buffer);
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i = -1;
}
for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
request.append((char) buffer[j]);
}
System.out.print(request.toString());
uri = parseUri(request.toString());
}

private String parseUri(String requestString) {
int index1, index2;
index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
if (index1 != -1) {
index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
if (index2 > index1)
return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
}
return null;
}

public String getUri() {
return uri;
}

}

package ex01.pyrmont;

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.File;

/*
HTTP Response = Status-Line
*(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF)
CRLF
[ message-body ]
Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF
*/

public class Response {

private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
Request request;
OutputStream output;

public Response(OutputStream output) {
this.output = output;
}

public void setRequest(Request request) {
this.request = request;
}

public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
if (file.exists()) {
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
while (ch!=-1) {
output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
}
else {
// file not found
String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
// thrown if cannot instantiate a File object
System.out.println(e.toString() );
}
finally {
if (fis!=null)
fis.close();
}
}
}