原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/pwlazy/article/details/5109742
java在1.5引入java.lang.instrument,你可以由此实现一个java agent,通过此agent来修改类的字节码即改变一个类。本文中,会通过java instrument 实现一个简单的profiler。当然instrument并不限于profiler,instrument可以做很多事情,
它类似一种更低级,更松耦合的AOP,可以从底层来改变一个类的行为,你可以由此产生无限的遐想。
接下来要做的事情,就是计算一个方法所花的时间,通常我们会在代码这么写:
在方法开始开头加入long stime = System.nanoTime();
在方法结尾通过System.nanoTime()-stime得出方法所花时间,你不得不在你想监控的每个方法中写入重复的代码,
好一点的情况,你可以用AOP来干这事,但总是感觉有点别扭,这种profiler的代码还是打包在你的项目中,
java instrument使得这更干净。
1) 写agent类
- package org.toy;
- import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
- import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer;
- public class PerfMonAgent {
- static private Instrumentation inst = null;
- /**
- * This method is called before the application’s main-method is called,
- * when this agent is specified to the Java VM.
- **/
- public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation _inst) {
- System.out.println("PerfMonAgent.premain() was called.");
- // Initialize the static variables we use to track information.
- inst = _inst;
- // Set up the class-file transformer.
- ClassFileTransformer trans = new PerfMonXformer();
- System.out.println("Adding a PerfMonXformer instance to the JVM.");
- inst.addTransformer(trans);
- }
- }
2)写ClassFileTransformer类
- package org.toy;
- import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer;
- import java.lang.instrument.IllegalClassFormatException;
- import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
- import javassist.CannotCompileException;
- import javassist.ClassPool;
- import javassist.CtBehavior;
- import javassist.CtClass;
- import javassist.NotFoundException;
- import javassist.expr.ExprEditor;
- import javassist.expr.MethodCall;
- public class PerfMonXformer implements ClassFileTransformer {
- public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className,
- Class<?> classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain,
- byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {
- byte[] transformed = null;
- System.out.println("Transforming " + className);
- ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault();
- CtClass cl = null;
- try {
- cl = pool.makeClass(new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(
- classfileBuffer));
- if (cl.isInterface() == false) {
- CtBehavior[] methods = cl.getDeclaredBehaviors();
- for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
- if (methods[i].isEmpty() == false) {
- doMethod(methods[i]);
- }
- }
- transformed = cl.toBytecode();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.err.println("Could not instrument " + className
- + ", exception : " + e.getMessage());
- } finally {
- if (cl != null) {
- cl.detach();
- }
- }
- return transformed;
- }
- private void doMethod(CtBehavior method) throws NotFoundException,
- CannotCompileException {
- // method.insertBefore("long stime = System.nanoTime();");
- // method.insertAfter("System.out.println(/"leave "+method.getName()+" and time:/"+(System.nanoTime()-stime));");
- method.instrument(new ExprEditor() {
- public void edit(MethodCall m) throws CannotCompileException {
- m
- .replace("{ long stime = System.nanoTime(); $_ = $proceed($$); System.out.println(/""
- + m.getClassName()+"."+m.getMethodName()
- + ":/"+(System.nanoTime()-stime));}");
- }
- });
- }
- }
上面两个类就是agent的核心了,jvm启动时并会在应用加载前会调用 PerfMonAgent.premain, 然后PerfMonAgent.premain中实例化了一个定制的ClassFileTransforme即 PerfMonXformer
并通过inst.addTransformer(trans);把PerfMonXformer的实例加入Instrumentation实例(由jvm传入),这就使得应用中的类加载的时候, PerfMonXformer.transform都会被调用,你在此方法中
可以改变加载的类,真的有点神奇,为了改变类的字节码,我使用了jboss的javassist,虽然你不一定要这么用,但jboss的javassist真的很强大,让你很容易的改变类的字节码。在上面的方法中
我通过改变类的字节码,在每个类的方法入口中加入了long stime = System.nanoTime();,在方法的出口加入了System.out.println("methodClassName.methodName:"+(System.nanoTime()-stime));
3) 打包agent
对于agent的打包,有点讲究,
3.1)
jar的META-INF/MANIFEST.MF加入Premain-Class: xx, xx在此语境中就是我们的agent类,即org.toy.PerfMonAgent
3.2)
如果你的agent类引入别的包,需使用Boot-Class-Path: xx,xx在此语境中就是上面提到的jboss javassit 即 /home/pwlazy/.m2/repository/javassist/javassist/3.8.0 .GA/javassist-3.8.0.GA.jar
下面附上maven 的pom
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>org.toy</groupId>
- <artifactId>toy-inst</artifactId>
- <packaging>jar</packaging>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <name>toy-inst</name>
- <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javassist</groupId>
- <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
- <version>3.8.0.GA</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>3.8.1</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>2.2</version>
- <configuration>
- <archive>
- <manifestEntries>
- <Premain-Class>org.toy.PerfMonAgent</Premain-Class>
- <Boot-Class-Path>/home/pwlazy/.m2/repository/javassist/javassist/3.8.0.GA/javassist-3.8.0.GA.jar</Boot-Class-Path>
- </manifestEntries>
- </archive>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin </artifactId >
- <configuration>
- <source> 1.6 </source >
- <target> 1.6 </target>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>
最终打成一个包toy-inst-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
4)打包应用
随便写个应用
- package org.toy;
- public class App {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- new App().test();
- }
- public void test() {
- System.out.println("Hello World!!");
- }
- }
最终打成一个包toy-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
5)执行命令
- java -javaagent:target/toy-inst-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar -cp /home/pwlazy/work/projects/toy/target/toy-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar org.toy.App
java选项中有-javaagent:xx,xx就是你的agent jar,java通过此选项加载agent,由agent来监控classpath下的应用。
最后的执行结果:
- PerfMonAgent.premain() was called.
- Adding a PerfMonXformer instance to the JVM.
- Transforming org/toy/App
- Hello World!!
- java.io.PrintStream.println:314216
- org.toy.App.test:540082
- Transforming java/lang/Shutdown
- Transforming java/lang/Shutdown$Lock
- java.lang.Shutdown.runHooks:29124
- java.lang.Shutdown.sequence:132768
我们由执行结果可以看出执行顺序以及通过改变org.toy.App的字节码加入监控代码确实生效了。
你也可以发现通过instrment实现agent是的监控代码和应用代码完全隔离了。