一、定义
每个线程将条目上的某个方法呈现给 exchange 方法,与伙伴线程进行匹配,并且在返回时接收其伙伴的对象。Exchanger 可能被视为 SynchronousQueue 的双向形式。Exchanger 可能在应用程序(比如遗传算法和管道设计)中很有用。
内存一致性效果:对于通过 Exchanger 成功交换对象的每对线程,每个线程中在 exchange() 之前的操作 happen-before 从另一线程中相应的 exchange() 返回的后续操作。(内存一致性效果被称为happen-before),简单的例子:当一个线程进行写入操作,另一个线程进行读取操作,保证一个线程写入的结果对另一个线程的读取是可视的。
二、用法
package cn.itcast.heima2;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ExchangerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "恭喜发财!";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"正在把数据:" + data1 +"换出去");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data2 = exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"换回的数据为:" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "乖,给你一个红包!";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"正在把数据:" + data1 +"换出去");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data2 = exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"换回的数据为:" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
}
}
三、JDK中的例子
使用 Exchanger
在线程间交换缓冲区,因此,在需要时,填充缓冲区的线程获取一个新腾空的缓冲区,并将填满的缓冲区传递给腾空缓冲区的线程。
class FillAndEmpty {
Exchanger<DataBuffer> exchanger = new Exchanger<DataBuffer>();
DataBuffer initialEmptyBuffer = ... a made-up type
DataBuffer initialFullBuffer = ...
class FillingLoop implements Runnable {
public void run() {
DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialEmptyBuffer;
try {
while (currentBuffer != null) {
addToBuffer(currentBuffer);
if (currentBuffer.isFull())
currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
}
} catch (InterruptedException ex) { ... handle ... }
}
}
class EmptyingLoop implements Runnable {
public void run() {
DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialFullBuffer;
try {
while (currentBuffer != null) {
takeFromBuffer(currentBuffer);
if (currentBuffer.isEmpty())
currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
}
} catch (InterruptedException ex) { ... handle ...}
}
}
void start() {
new Thread(new FillingLoop()).start();
new Thread(new EmptyingLoop()).start();
}
}