LNMP网站架构服务

一.Nginx的工作原理

工作进程：

• 客户端通过域名进行请求访问时，会找Nginx对应的虚拟主机
• Nginx对该请求进行判断，如果是静态请求,Nginx会自行处理，并将处理结果返回给用户浏览器
• Nginx判断的请求如果为php请求，则调用FastCGI客户端，并且把请求也抛给FastCGI服务器，也就是php-fpm（扩展名是php的往后抛）
• wapper调用php解析器来解析请求，如果发现这个请求里要连接数据库，就会在数据库中找数据。如果不需要找数据就是正常的动态请求。处理完毕后将数据返回给Nginx即可

二.Nginx编译安装

1.初始化操作，关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0

2.安装依赖包

yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

3.创建运行用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

4.编译安装

cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/

cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install

5.优化路径

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

6.添加 Nginx 系统服务

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service

三.Mysql编译安装

1.安装Mysql环境依赖包

yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

2.创建运行用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

3.编译安装

cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

make && make install

4.修改mysql 配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

5.更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

6.设置路径环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile	
source /etc/profile

7.初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

8.添加mysqld系统服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld

9.修改mysql 的登录密码

mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123"

10.授权远程登录

mysql -u root -p

四.Php编译安装

1.安装环境依赖包

yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel

2.编译安装

cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2

cd php-7.1.10
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip

make && make install

3.路径优化

ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

4.调整PHP配置文件

php有三个配置文件： 
php.ini			主配置文件  
php-fpm.conf	进程服务配置文件 
www.conf		扩展配置文件

#调整主配置文件：
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini	
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
--1170行--修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
--939行--取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

php -m 					#验证安装的模块

#调整进程服务配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp  php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
--17行--去掉";"注释
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

#调整扩展配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf

5.启动php-fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
netstat -anpt | grep 9000

#PHP-FPM(FastCGI Process Manager：FastCGI 进程管理器)是一个 PHPFastCGI 管理器， 由于Nginx服务器不能处理动态页面，需要由 Nginx 把动态请求交给 php-fpm 进程进行解析。

cd /opt/php-7.1.10/sapi/fpm
cp php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
systemctl restart php-fpm.service

6.配置 Nginx 支持 PHP 解析

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--65行--取消注释，修改
location ~ \.php$ {
	root           html;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
	fastcgi_index  index.php;
	fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;	#将 /scripts 修改为nginx的工作目录
   #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  #$document_root 代表当前请求在root指令中指定的值
	include        fastcgi_params;
}

systemctl restart nginx.service

7.验证PHP 测试页

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

浏览器访问
http://192.168.86.100/index.php

 8.验证数据库工作是否正常

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE bbs;
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php      		#替换原来的测试页内容
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('192.168.86.100','bbsuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>

浏览器访问
http://192.168.86.100/index.php