三步搞定Spring Boot 缓存

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-06 11:20:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-06 11:20:13 发布

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分类专栏： SpringBoot 文章标签：缓存

原文链接：ramostear.com

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本次内容主要介绍基于Ehcache 3.0来快速实现Spring Boot应用程序的数据缓存功能。在Spring Boot应用程序中，我们可以通过Spring Caching来快速搞定数据缓存。接下来我们将介绍如何在三步之内搞定Spring Boot缓存。

1. 创建一个Spring Boot工程并添加Maven依赖

你所创建的Spring Boot应用程序的maven依赖文件至少应该是下面的样子：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>
<groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
<artifactId>cache</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cache</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
<artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

依赖说明：

spring-boot-starter-cache为Spring Boot应用程序提供缓存支持

ehcache提供了Ehcache的缓存实现

cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的缓存规范

2. 配置Ehcache缓存

现在，需要告诉Spring Boot去哪里找缓存配置文件，这需要在Spring Boot配置文件中进行设置：

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml

然后使用@EnableCaching注解开启Spring Boot应用程序缓存功能，你可以在应用主类中进行操作：

package com.ramostear.cache;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
}
}

接下来，需要创建一个ehcache的配置文件，该文件放置在类路径下，如resources目录下：

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
<service>
<jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
</service>
<cache alias="person">
<key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
<value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
<expiry>
<ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
</expiry>
<listeners>
<listener>
<class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
<event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
<event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
<events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
</listener>
</listeners>
<resources>
<heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
<offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
</resources>
</cache>
</config>

最后，还需要定义个缓存事件监听器，用于记录系统操作缓存数据的情况，最快的方法是实现CacheEventListener接口：

package com.ramostear.cache.config;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);
@Override
public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
cacheEvent.getType(),
cacheEvent.getKey(),
cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
cacheEvent.getNewValue());
}
}

3. 使用@Cacheable注解对方法进行注释

要让Spring Boot能够缓存我们的数据，还需要使用@Cacheable注解对业务方法进行注释，告诉Spring Boot该方法中产生的数据需要加入到缓存中：

package com.ramostear.cache.service;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@Service(value = "personService")
public class PersonService {
@Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
public Person getPerson(Long id){
Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");
return person;
}
}

通过以上三个步骤，我们就完成了Spring Boot的缓存功能。接下来，我们将测试一下缓存的实际情况。

4. 缓存测试

为了测试我们的应用程序，创建一个简单的Restful端点，它将调用PersonService返回一个Person对象：

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {
@Autowired
private PersonService personService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
}
}

Person是一个简单的POJO类：

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person implements Serializable{
private Long id;
private String username;
private String email;
}

以上准备工作都完成后，让我们编译并运行应用程序。项目成功启动后，使用浏览器打开：http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你将在浏览器页面中看到如下的信息：

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}

此时在观察控制台输出的日志信息：

2019-04-07 01:08:01.001 INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 5 ms
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729

由于我们是第一次请求API，没有任何缓存数据。因此，Ehcache创建了一条缓存数据，可以通过CREATED看一了解到。

我们在ehcache.xml文件中将缓存过期时间设置成了1分钟（1），因此在一分钟之内我们刷新浏览器，不会看到有新的日志输出，一分钟之后，缓存过期，我们再次刷新浏览器，将看到如下的日志输出：

2019-04-07 01:09:28.612 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce