//#include "stdafx.h"//If the vc++6.0, with this line.
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
struct ABC{
char name[20];
int n;
};
struct ABC myfun(void){
struct ABC x={"Lining",99};//声明一个结构体局部变量x并初始化
return x;//返回局部变量结构体x
}
int main(void){
struct ABC y=myfun();//声明一个同类型结构体变量y并将函数返回值赋给它
printf("%s %d\n",y.name,y.n);//打出来看看
return 0;
}
运行结果：
Lining 99
但myfun函数调用会频繁生成释放内存空间，增加内存消耗
20230816
C语言中函数如何返回结构体
在C语言中，函数可以通过几种不同的方式返回结构体。这些方法有利有弊，选择哪种取决于具体的编程需求和目标。
方法一：直接返回结构体
首先，可以直接返回结构体。在这种情况下，函数的返回类型将是定义的结构类型。当函数完成其操作后，它将创建并返回一个新的结构实例。
以下是一个示例代码块：
struct Rectangle {
int length;
int breadth;
};
struct Rectangle createRectangle(int length, int breadth) {
struct Rectangle rect;
rect.length = length;
rect.breadth = breadth;
return rect;
}
这种方法的主要优点是简单明了。然而，对于较大的结构体，这可能会导致效率问题，因为整个结构体都必须被复制到调用函数的堆栈上。
方法二：返回结构体指针
另一种方法是返回一个指向结构体的指针。在这种情况下，需要在堆上动态分配内存给结构体，然后返回指向该内存区域的指针。
以下是一个示例代码块：
struct Rectangle* createRectangle(int length, int breadth) {
struct Rectangle* rect = (struct Rectangle*)malloc(sizeof(struct Rectangle));
if(rect == NULL) {
// Handle error here
return NULL;
}
rect->length = length;
rect->breadth = breadth;
return rect;
}
这种方法避免了在栈上复制大量数据，但需要手动管理内存，如果忘记释放内存，就会导致内存泄漏。
方法三：通过参数返回
最后，还可以通过修改传入的结构体参数来返回结构体。在这种情况下，调用函数负责创建结构体实例，并将其地址传递给被调函数。然后，被调函数修改该结构体，并直接返回结果。
以下是一个示例代码块：
void createRectangle(int length, int breadth, struct Rectangle* rect) {
if(rect == NULL) {
// Handle error here
return;
}
rect->length = length;
rect->breadth = breadth;
}
这种方法的优点是既避免了复制大量数据，又无需手动管理内存。然而，使用这种方法时，需要确保调用函数正确处理结构体的生命周期。
参考资料
- “C Programming/Procedures and functions” from Wikibooks. Available at: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Procedures_and_functions
- “Pointers and Structures” from Tutorialspoint. Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_pointers_structures.htm
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