引用是在写函数定义的时候用,调用的时候直接写,没有取地址符&,
指针是在函数定义的时候用*,调用的时候用取地址符号&,例如:
void funcA(int& a,int& b)//这是引用
{
//TODO
}
void funcB(int* input)//这是要用取地址
{
//TODO
}
int main()
{
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
funcA(a, b);//引用,调用函数的时候不需要取地址符
int c = 3;
funcB(&c);//取地址,调用函数的时候,因为函数要求输入为指针,因此要取地址
return 1;
}
20230816
C++中的引用和取地址符号&的区分
C++是一种复杂而且强大的编程语言,其特性之一就是对内存管理的灵活控制。为了充分利用这一特性,C++提供了引用(&
)和取地址(&
)两种操作符,虽然它们看起来一样,但在实际使用中有着完全不同的含义和功能。
1. 引用
在C++中,引用是对象的别名。一旦创建了引用,你就可以使用它像使用原始变量一样进行各种操作。
int x = 10;
int& ref = x;
ref += 5; // x现在的值是15
上面的代码定义了一个引用ref
,并将其初始化为x
。接下来,通过引用增加x
的值,结果会反映到原始变量x
上。
1.1 引用的规则和限制
引用必须在创建时初始化,并且一旦引用被初始化指向一个对象,就不能改变引用指向其他对象。这意味着引用总是指向初始绑定的那个对象。
int y = 20;
ref = y; // 这并没有改变ref的引用对象,只是改变了x的值
以上代码并没有改变ref
引用的对象,而只是把y
的值赋给了x
。
2. 取地址符
取地址符&
在C++中用于获取变量的内存地址。当放在变量前面时,&
运算符返回该变量在内存中的地址。
int z = 30;
int* p = &z;
std::cout << p; // 输出z的内存地址
上述代码首先定义了一个变量z
,然后使用&
运算符获取其内存地址并将其存储在指针p
中。最后,输出p
将打印出z
的内存地址。
3. 区分引用和取地址符
从上述解释中我们可以看出,虽然引用和取地址符都使用了&
符号,但是它们的功能却截然不同。
- 语境:引用是在类型声明中使用
&
,而取地址符是在表达式中使用。 - 语义:引用创建了对象的别名,取地址符则获取对象的内存地址。
因此,根据&
符号出现的位置和上下文环境,可以轻易区分出它是作为引用还是取地址符使用。
int x = 10; // 声明一个变量
int& ref = x; // 使用&作为引用
int* p = &x; // 使用&作为取地址符
4. 总结
C++中的引用和取地址符都是重要的工具,它们虽然使用了相同的符号,但在功能和用法上却大相径庭。理解它们的差异并熟练运用它们是成为高效C++程序员的关键步骤。
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