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文章目录
Yum vs Apt：Redhat系（CentOS）与Debian（ubuntu）系的包管理器比较
1. 引言
在Linux世界中，Yum和Apt是两种最常用的软件包管理工具。它们分别在基于Red Hat的发行版（如CentOS）和基于Debian的发行版（如Ubuntu）中使用。本文将对这两个工具进行深入的比较和分析，以帮助读者更好地理解它们的异同。
2. Yum 和 Apt 的基础
2.1 Yum
Yum（全称Yellowdog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora，CentOS，RHEL（Red Hat Enterprise Linux）等基于RPM包管理的系统中的命令行包管理工具。其功能主要包括安装、升级、删除软件包以及管理软件库（repository）1。
# 安装软件包
yum install packageName
# 升级软件包
yum update packageName
# 删除软件包
yum remove packageName
2.2 Apt
Apt（全称Advanced Package Tool）则是在Debian，Ubuntu等基于DEB包管理的系统中的命令行包管理工具。它的功能与Yum类似，也包括安装、升级、删除软件包以及管理软件库2。
# 安装软件包
apt-get install packageName
# 升级软件包
apt-get upgrade packageName
# 删除软件包
apt-get remove packageName
3. Yum vs Apt：功能对比
虽然Yum和Apt都能完成软件包的基本管理任务，但在细节上，他们还是有一些差异的。
3.1 解决依赖关系
Yum和Apt都能自动处理软件包的依赖关系。当你试图安装一个依赖其他包的软件包时，它们会自动找出并安装所有必要的依赖包。
不过，相较于Apt，Yum在处理复杂的依赖关系时可能会表现得更慢一些3。
3.2 软件库管理
Yum使用repo文件来管理软件库，这些文件通常存放在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下。用户可以很容易地添加或删除repo文件来改变软件源。
# 列出所有已配置的库
yum repolist
# 启用或禁用库
yum --enablerepo=repositoryName install packageName
相比之下，Apt则通过/etc/apt/sources.list文件以及/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下的文件来管理软件源。这使得在多个源之间切换变得稍微麻烦一些。
# 更新软件源信息
apt-get update
# 升级所有可升级的软件包
apt-get upgrade
3.3 GUI支持
大部分基于RPM和DEB的系统都提供了Yum和Apt的图形界面版本，如yumex和synaptic。这使得对命令行操作不熟悉的用户也能方便地管理软件包。
4. 结论
总的来说，Yum和Apt都是强大的软件包管理工具，各有优势。选择哪个工具主要取决于你正在使用的Linux发行版。然而，无论你选择哪个，掌握其基本的使用方法都是十分必要的。
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