c++11 多线程5

当 std::condition_variable 对象的某个 wait 函数被调用的时候，它使用 std::unique_lock(通过 std::mutex) 来锁住当前线程。当前线程会一直被阻塞，直到另外一个线程在相同的 std::condition_variable 对象上调用了 notification 函数来唤醒当前线程。

std::condition_variable 对象通常使用 std::unique_lock<std::mutex> 来等待，如果需要使用另外的 lockable 类型，可以使用 std::condition_variable_any 类，本文后面会讲到 std::condition_variable_any 的用法。

#include <iostream>                // std::cout
#include <thread>                // std::thread
#include <mutex>                // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable>    // std::condition_variable

std::mutex mtx; // 全局互斥锁.
std::condition_variable cv; // 全局条件变量.
bool ready = false; // 全局标志位.
void do_print_id(int id)
{
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
while (!ready) // 如果标志位不为 true, 则等待...
cv.wait(lck); // 当前线程被阻塞, 当全局标志位变为 true 之后,
 // 线程被唤醒, 继续往下执行打印线程编号id.
std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n';
}
void go()
{
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
ready = true; // 设置全局标志位为 true.
cv.notify_all(); // 唤醒所有线程.
}
int main()
{
std::thread threads[10];
// spawn 10 threads:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
threads[i] = std::thread(do_print_id, i);

std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n";
go(); // go!
for (auto & th : threads)
th.join();
return 0;
}

std::condition_variable 提供了两种 wait() 函数。当前线程调用 wait() 后将被阻塞(此时当前线程应该获得了锁（mutex），不妨设获得锁 lck)，直到另外某个线程调用 notify_* 唤醒了当前线程。

在线程被阻塞时，该函数会自动调用 lck.unlock() 释放锁，使得其他被阻塞在锁竞争上的线程得以继续执行。另外，一旦当前线程获得通知(notified，通常是另外某个线程调用 notify_* 唤醒了当前线程)，wait() 函数也是自动调用 lck.lock()，使得 lck 的状态和 wait 函数被调用时相同。

#include <iostream>                // std::cout
#include <thread>                // std::thread, std::this_thread::yield
#include <mutex>                // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable>    // std::condition_variable


std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;


int cargo = 0;
bool shipment_available()
{
return cargo != 0;
}


// 消费者线程.
void consume(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
cv.wait(lck, shipment_available);
std::cout << cargo << '\n';
cargo = 0;
}
}


int main()
{
std::thread consumer_thread(consume, 10); // 消费者线程.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
while (shipment_available())
std::this_thread::yield();
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
cargo = i + 1;
cv.notify_one();
}
consumer_thread.join();
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>           // std::cout
#include <thread>             // std::thread
#include <chrono>             // std::chrono::seconds
#include <mutex>              // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable, std::cv_status

std::condition_variable cv;

int value;

void do_read_value()
{
    std::cin >> value;
    cv.notify_one();
}

int main ()
{
    std::cout << "Please, enter an integer (I'll be printing dots): \n";
    std::thread th(do_read_value);

    std::mutex mtx;
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx);
    while (cv.wait_for(lck,std::chrono::seconds(1)) == std::cv_status::timeout) {
        std::cout << '.';
        std::cout.flush();
    }

    std::cout << "You entered: " << value << '\n';

    th.join();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>                // std::cout
#include <thread>                // std::thread
#include <mutex>                // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable>    // std::condition_variable

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;

int cargo = 0; // shared value by producers and consumers

void consumer()
{
    std::unique_lock < std::mutex > lck(mtx);
    while (cargo == 0)
        cv.wait(lck);
    std::cout << cargo << '\n';
    cargo = 0;
}

void producer(int id)
{
    std::unique_lock < std::mutex > lck(mtx);
    cargo = id;
    cv.notify_one();
}

int main()
{
    std::thread consumers[10], producers[10];

    // spawn 10 consumers and 10 producers:
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        consumers[i] = std::thread(consumer);
        producers[i] = std::thread(producer, i + 1);
    }

    // join them back:
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        producers[i].join();
        consumers[i].join();
    }

    return 0;
}

std::notify_all_at_thread_exit

函数原型为：

void notify_all_at_thread_exit (condition_variable& cond, unique_lock<mutex> lck);

当调用该函数的线程退出时，所有在 cond 条件变量上等待的线程都会收到通知。请看下例

#include <iostream>                // std::cout
#include <thread>                // std::thread
#include <mutex>                // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable>    // std::condition_variable

std::mutex mtx; // 全局互斥锁.
std::condition_variable cv; // 全局条件变量.
bool ready = false; // 全局标志位.

void do_print_id(int id)
{
    std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
    while (!ready) // 如果标志位不为 true, 则等待...
        cv.wait(lck); // 当前线程被阻塞, 当全局标志位变为 true 之后,
    // 线程被唤醒, 继续往下执行打印线程编号id.
    std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n';
}

void go()
{
    std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
    ready = true; // 设置全局标志位为 true.
    cv.notify_all(); // 唤醒所有线程.
}

int main()
{
    std::thread threads[10];
    // spawn 10 threads:
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        threads[i] = std::thread(do_print_id, i);

    std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n";
    go(); // go!

  for (auto & th:threads)
        th.join();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>           // std::cout
#include <thread>             // std::thread
#include <mutex>              // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
bool ready = false;

void print_id (int id) {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx);
  while (!ready) cv.wait(lck);
  // ...
  std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n';
}

void go() {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx);
  std::notify_all_at_thread_exit(cv,std::move(lck));
  ready = true;
}

int main ()
{
  std::thread threads[10];
  // spawn 10 threads:
  for (int i=0; i<10; ++i)
    threads[i] = std::thread(print_id,i);
  std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n";

  std::thread(go).detach();   // go!

  for (auto& th : threads) th.join();

  return 0;
}