当 std::condition_variable 对象的某个 wait 函数被调用的时候,它使用 std::unique_lock(通过 std::mutex) 来锁住当前线程。当前线程会一直被阻塞,直到另外一个线程在相同的 std::condition_variable 对象上调用了 notification 函数来唤醒当前线程。
std::condition_variable 对象通常使用 std::unique_lock<std::mutex> 来等待,如果需要使用另外的 lockable 类型,可以使用 std::condition_variable_any 类,本文后面会讲到 std::condition_variable_any 的用法。
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread
#include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable
std::mutex mtx; // 全局互斥锁.
std::condition_variable cv; // 全局条件变量.
bool ready = false; // 全局标志位.
void do_print_id(int id)
{
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
while (!ready) // 如果标志位不为 true, 则等待...
cv.wait(lck); // 当前线程被阻塞, 当全局标志位变为 true 之后,
// 线程被唤醒, 继续往下执行打印线程编号id.
std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n';
}
void go()
{
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
ready = true; // 设置全局标志位为 true.
cv.notify_all(); // 唤醒所有线程.
}
int main()
{
std::thread threads[10];
// spawn 10 threads:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
threads[i] = std::thread(do_print_id, i);
std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n";
go(); // go!
for (auto & th : threads)
th.join();
return 0;
}
std::condition_variable 提供了两种 wait() 函数。当前线程调用 wait() 后将被阻塞(此时当前线程应该获得了锁(mutex),不妨设获得锁 lck),直到另外某个线程调用 notify_* 唤醒了当前线程。
在线程被阻塞时,该函数会自动调用 lck.unlock() 释放锁,使得其他被阻塞在锁竞争上的线程得以继续执行。
另外,一旦当前线程获得通知(notified,通常是另外某个线程调用 notify_* 唤醒了当前线程),wait() 函数也是自动调用 lck.lock(),使得 lck 的状态和 wait 函数被调用时相同。
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::yield
#include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock
#include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
int cargo = 0;
bool shipment_available()
{
return cargo != 0;
}
// 消费者线程.
void consume(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
cv.wait(lck, shipment_available);
std::cout << cargo << '\n';
cargo = 0;
}
}
int main()
{
std::thread consumer_thread(consume, 10); // 消费者线程.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
while (shipment_available())
std::this_thread::yield();
std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx);
cargo = i + 1;
cv.notify_one();
}
consumer_thread.join();
return 0;
}
#include <iostream> // std::cout #include <thread> // std::thread #include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds #include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock #include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable, std::cv_status std::condition_variable cv; int value; void do_read_value() { std::cin >> value; cv.notify_one(); } int main () { std::cout << "Please, enter an integer (I'll be printing dots): \n"; std::thread th(do_read_value); std::mutex mtx; std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx); while (cv.wait_for(lck,std::chrono::seconds(1)) == std::cv_status::timeout) { std::cout << '.'; std::cout.flush(); } std::cout << "You entered: " << value << '\n'; th.join(); return 0; }
#include <iostream> // std::cout #include <thread> // std::thread #include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock #include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable std::mutex mtx; std::condition_variable cv; int cargo = 0; // shared value by producers and consumers void consumer() { std::unique_lock < std::mutex > lck(mtx); while (cargo == 0) cv.wait(lck); std::cout << cargo << '\n'; cargo = 0; } void producer(int id) { std::unique_lock < std::mutex > lck(mtx); cargo = id; cv.notify_one(); } int main() { std::thread consumers[10], producers[10]; // spawn 10 consumers and 10 producers: for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { consumers[i] = std::thread(consumer); producers[i] = std::thread(producer, i + 1); } // join them back: for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { producers[i].join(); consumers[i].join(); } return 0; }
std::notify_all_at_thread_exit
函数原型为:
void notify_all_at_thread_exit (condition_variable& cond, unique_lock<mutex> lck);
当调用该函数的线程退出时,所有在 cond 条件变量上等待的线程都会收到通知。请看下例
#include <iostream> // std::cout #include <thread> // std::thread #include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock #include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable std::mutex mtx; // 全局互斥锁. std::condition_variable cv; // 全局条件变量. bool ready = false; // 全局标志位. void do_print_id(int id) { std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx); while (!ready) // 如果标志位不为 true, 则等待... cv.wait(lck); // 当前线程被阻塞, 当全局标志位变为 true 之后, // 线程被唤醒, 继续往下执行打印线程编号id. std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n'; } void go() { std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lck(mtx); ready = true; // 设置全局标志位为 true. cv.notify_all(); // 唤醒所有线程. } int main() { std::thread threads[10]; // spawn 10 threads: for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) threads[i] = std::thread(do_print_id, i); std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n"; go(); // go! for (auto & th:threads) th.join(); return 0; }
#include <iostream> // std::cout #include <thread> // std::thread #include <mutex> // std::mutex, std::unique_lock #include <condition_variable> // std::condition_variable std::mutex mtx; std::condition_variable cv; bool ready = false; void print_id (int id) { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx); while (!ready) cv.wait(lck); // ... std::cout << "thread " << id << '\n'; } void go() { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx); std::notify_all_at_thread_exit(cv,std::move(lck)); ready = true; } int main () { std::thread threads[10]; // spawn 10 threads: for (int i=0; i<10; ++i) threads[i] = std::thread(print_id,i); std::cout << "10 threads ready to race...\n"; std::thread(go).detach(); // go! for (auto& th : threads) th.join(); return 0; }