Hibernate fetch抓取策略定义了当抓取关联对象时，以怎样的一种方式进行抓取。当抓取策略为join时，抓取关联对象是通过连接表来抓取的，只会发送一条sql语句，即可完成主对象与关联对象的抓取，而当抓取策略为select时，抓取关联对象则会发送两条sql语句来完成关联对象的抓取，一条是抓取主对象，而另一条则是抓取关联对象。抓取策略通常会与延迟加载策略合并使用，这是因为当采用延迟加载策略时，如果抓取策略的设置不适当，会造成想象之外的异常，而当采用非延迟加载策略时，即即时加载策略，通常的建议是采用join即连接抓取策略，这样避免了向数据库发送多条sql语句。需要注意的是，只有当使用get或load方法来获取对象时，抓取策略才会起作用，如果查找对象采用的是自定义的hql或sql语句，抓取策略不会起作用。其中get方法是即时加载对象，而load则是延迟加载对象，只有当使用到该对象时，才会向数据库发送查询语句，以查找出该对象。
一。Husband
package com.dream.model.join;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:46 PM
*/
public class Husband {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Set<Wife> wifes;
public Husband(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Husband() {
}
public Husband(String name, Set<Wife> wifes) {
this.name = name;
this.wifes = wifes;
}
public Set<Wife> getWifes() {
return wifes;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping default-access="field">
<class name="com.dream.model.join.Husband" table="husband" dynamic-insert="true" dynamic-update="true">
<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String"/>
<set name="wifes" table="wife" cascade="all" lazy="false" fetch="join">
<key column="husbandid"/>
<one-to-many class="com.dream.model.join.Wife"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
二。Wife
package com.dream.model.join;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:47 PM
*/
public class Wife {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Husband husband;
public Wife(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Wife() {
}
public Wife(String name, Husband husband) {
this.name = name;
this.husband = husband;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Husband getHusband() {
return husband;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping default-access="field">
<class name="com.dream.model.join.Wife" table="wife" dynamic-insert="true" dynamic-update="true">
<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String"/>
<many-to-one name="husband" class="com.dream.model.join.Husband" column="husbandid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
三。CoupleDao
package com.dream.dao.standard;
import com.dream.model.join.Husband;
import com.dream.model.join.Wife;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:51 PM
*/
public interface CoupleDao {
Husband findHusbandById(Integer id);
void saveOrUpdateHusband(Husband husband);
}
package com.dream.dao;
import com.dream.dao.standard.CoupleDao;
import com.dream.model.join.Husband;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:52 PM
*/
public class CoupleDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements CoupleDao {
public Husband findHusbandById(Integer id) {
return getHibernateTemplate().get(Husband.class, id);
}
public void saveOrUpdateHusband(Husband husband) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(husband);
}
}
四。CoupleService
package com.dream.service.standard;
import com.dream.model.join.Husband;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:53 PM
*/
public interface CoupleService {
Husband loadHusbandById(Integer id);
void saveOrUpdateHusband(Husband husband);
}
package com.dream.service;
import com.dream.dao.standard.CoupleDao;
import com.dream.exception.DataNotExistException;
import com.dream.model.join.Husband;
import com.dream.service.standard.CoupleService;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 5:53 PM
*/
public class CoupleServiceImpl implements CoupleService {
private CoupleDao coupleDao;
public Husband loadHusbandById(Integer id) {
Husband husband = coupleDao.findHusbandById(id);
if (husband == null) {
throw new DataNotExistException();
}
return husband;
}
public void saveOrUpdateHusband(Husband husband) {
coupleDao.saveOrUpdateHusband(husband);
}
public void setCoupleDao(CoupleDao coupleDao) {
this.coupleDao = coupleDao;
}
}
package com.dream.exception;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 6:01 PM
*/
public class DataNotExistException extends RuntimeException {
public DataNotExistException() {
super("The data you find does not exist in the database.");
}
}
五。testDatasource
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"
default-autowire="byName">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:testDB.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${db.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${db.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${db.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${db.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mappingLocations">
<list>
<value>/hibernate_mappings/Husband.hbm.xml</value>
<value>/hibernate_mappings/Wife.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">${hibernate.jdbc.batch_size}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="service" expression="execution(* com.dream.service..*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="service"/>
</aop:config>
<bean id="coupleDao" class="com.dream.dao.CoupleDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="coupleService" class="com.dream.service.CoupleServiceImpl">
<property name="coupleDao" ref="coupleDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
六。testDB
db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_fetch db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver db.username=root db.password=root hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect hibernate.show_sql=true hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=100
七。TestCase
package com.fetch;
import com.dream.model.join.Husband;
import com.dream.model.join.Wife;
import com.dream.service.standard.CoupleService;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Zhong Gang
* Date: 9/26/11
* Time: 6:05 PM
*/
public class HibernateFetchTest extends TestCase {
private CoupleService coupleService;
@Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:testDatasource.xml");
coupleService = (CoupleService) context.getBean("coupleService");
}
public void testCascadeAllDelete() throws Exception {
Wife wife1 = new Wife("Wife1");
Wife wife2 = new Wife("Wife2");
Set<Wife> wifes = new HashSet<Wife>();
wifes.add(wife1);
wifes.add(wife2);
Husband husband = new Husband("Husband1", wifes);
coupleService.saveOrUpdateHusband(husband);
Husband husbandAfterFound = coupleService.loadHusbandById(husband.getId());
Set<Wife> wifeSet = husbandAfterFound.getWifes();
assertEquals(2, wifeSet.size());
}
}
Scenario 1：lazy="true" fetch="join"
Hibernate: insert into husband (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: select husband0_.id as id0_1_, husband0_.name as name0_1_, wifes1_.husbandid as husbandid0_3_, wifes1_.id as id3_, wifes1_.id as id1_0_, wifes1_.name as name1_0_, wifes1_.husbandid as husbandid1_0_ from husband husband0_ left outer join wife wifes1_ on husband0_.id=wifes1_.husbandid where husband0_.id=?
只发送了一条sql语句便查找出了主对象及关联对象。
Scenario 2：lazy="true" fetch="select"
Hibernate: insert into husband (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: select husband0_.id as id0_0_, husband0_.name as name0_0_ from husband husband0_ where husband0_.id=?
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.dream.model.join.Husband.wifes, no session or session was closed
at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:383)
at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationExceptionIfNotConnected(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:375)
at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.readSize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:122)
at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentSet.size(PersistentSet.java:162)
at com.fetch.HibernateFetchTest.testCascadeAllDelete(HibernateFetchTest.java:42)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at com.intellij.junit3.JUnit3IdeaTestRunner.doRun(JUnit3IdeaTestRunner.java:139)
at com.intellij.junit3.JUnit3IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit3IdeaTestRunner.java:52)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:199)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:62)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
当采用延迟加载策略的同时，使用select抓取策略时，因为只有当对象使用时才会发起sql语句，这时因为没有了session的管理，会造成异常。
Scenario 3：lazy="false" fetch="join"
Hibernate: insert into husband (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: select husband0_.id as id0_1_, husband0_.name as name0_1_, wifes1_.husbandid as husbandid0_3_, wifes1_.id as id3_, wifes1_.id as id1_0_, wifes1_.name as name1_0_, wifes1_.husbandid as husbandid1_0_ from husband husband0_ left outer join wife wifes1_ on husband0_.id=wifes1_.husbandid where husband0_.id=?
使用即时加载策略的同时，使用连接抓取策略，只会发送一条连接sql语句便会查找出主对象及关联对象。
Scenario 4：lazy="false" fetch="select"
Hibernate: insert into husband (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into wife (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: update wife set husbandid=? where id=?
Hibernate: select husband0_.id as id0_0_, husband0_.name as name0_0_ from husband husband0_ where husband0_.id=?
Hibernate: select wifes0_.husbandid as husbandid0_1_, wifes0_.id as id1_, wifes0_.id as id1_0_, wifes0_.name as name1_0_, wifes0_.husbandid as husbandid1_0_ from wife wifes0_ where wifes0_.husbandid=?
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