opencv Mat的几种初始化方式

转载于：https://blog.csdn.net/jeakon/article/details/41942197

参考文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/tornadomeet/archive/2012/07/19/2599376.html

实验说明： （引用）

　　本文主要讲一些opencv 2.0版本后出现的Mat矩形类，主要是参考opencv自带doc文件夹下的tutiol教材。通过这次实验觉得用Mat的话下面几点需要特别注意（在代码中可以体现出来）：

1. 利用create函数重新改变Mat数据在内存中的布局。 

2. 注意多通道数据在Mat中其实也是占一个元素的位置的。 

3. 学会多维Mat的创建方法。

4. 当Mat矩阵比较小时，学会直接赋值的方法，即用Mat_。

5. 掌握Mat矩阵内容输出到终端时的几种常见格式。

6. 注意如果vector是单独一维的话需要转换成Mat才能输出，多维的可以直接输出，例如vector里面存放的是点的话。

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #include <iostream>
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      using 
      
      namespace 
      
      std;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      using 
      
      namespace cv;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      int demo_Mat()
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
    
      
      int next_num = 
      
      1;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
      
      char tmp;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
      
      while(next_num<
      
      7)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
       {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
       
      
      cout<<
      
      "-------- "<<next_num<<
      
      " --------"<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
           waitKey(
      
      0);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
        
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
        
      
      switch (next_num)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
              {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
           
      
      case 
      
      1:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      Mat M( 2, 2, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0,255,0) );
      
      //其实是2*6的矩阵，因为每个元素有3个通道。
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
             
      
      cout<<
      
      "create by using the constructor..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "M = \n "<<M<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                   M.create( 
      
      4, 
      
      4, CV_8UC(
      
      2));
      
      //括号里面的2表示2通道
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
               
      
      cout<< 
      
      "create by using create function..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
               
      
      cout<<
      
      "M = \n "<<M<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
      
      //当case语句里面变量定义时，需要用括号括起来，否则会报错
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
           
      
      case 
      
      2:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      int sz[
      
      3] = {
      
      2, 
      
      2, 
      
      2};
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      Mat L( 3, sz, CV_8UC(1), Scalar::all(0) );
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<< 
      
      "create multidimensional matrix..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      // cout<<"L =   "<<L<<endl;此处不能打印出来，因为那只适应二维数组
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
            
      
      case 
      
      3:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      Mat E = Mat::eye(
      
      4, 
      
      4, CV_64F);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      Mat O = Mat::ones(
      
      2, 
      
      3, CV_32F);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      Mat Z = Mat::zeros(
      
      3, 
      
      3, CV_8UC1);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<< 
      
      "using matlab stytle..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "E = \n "<<E<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "O = \n "<<O<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "Z = \n "<<Z<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
         
      
      case 
      
      4:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                     Mat C =(Mat_<
      
      double>(
      
      3,
      
      3)<<
      
      0,
      
      -1,
      
      0,
      
      -1,
      
      5,
      
      -1,
      
      0,
      
      -1,
      
      0);
      
      //直接赋初始值的方法
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      Mat row_clone = C.row(
      
      1).clone();
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      cout<< 
      
      "create 3*3 double-precision identity matrix..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
               
      
      cout<<
      
      "C = \n "<<C<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      cout<<
      
      "row_clone =  "<<row_clone<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
            
      
      case 
      
      5:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      Mat R = Mat( 
      
      3, 
      
      2, CV_8UC3 );
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                      randu( R, Scalar::all(
      
      0), Scalar::all(
      
      255) );
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<< 
      
      "fill a matrix with rand numbers..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "R (default) =  "<<R<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<< 
      
      "demonstrate the output formating options..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "R (python) = \n "<<format(R, 
      
      "python")<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "R (numpy) = \n "<<format(R, 
      
      "numpy")<<
      
      endl;
      
      //numpy是一个用python实现的科学计算包
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "R (csv) = \n "<<format(R, 
      
      "csv")<<
      
      endl;
      
      //csv,逗号分隔符
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      cout<<
      
      "R (c) = \n " <<format(R, 
      
      "C")<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
         
      
      case 
      
      6:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                {
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
               
      
      cout<< 
      
      "the point format output..."<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      Point2f P1(5, 1);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
             
      
      cout<<
      
      "Point (2D) = "<<P1<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      Point3f P2(4, 5, 6);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
             
      
      cout<<
      
      "Point (3D) = "<<P2<<
      
      endl;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      vector<
      
      float>v;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                    v.push_back( (
      
      float)CV_PI);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                     v.push_back( 
      
      2 );
      
      //push_back为在其尾部加入一个数据
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                    v.push_back( 
      
      3.01f );
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      cout<<
      
      "vector of float: = "<<Mat(v)<<
      
      endl;
      
      //vector数据是没法单独输出的,因此可以借助mat输出
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                
      
      int N = 
      
      20;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      vector<Point2f>vPoints(N);
      
      //vector可以用变量定义其长度，比数组好用
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
               
      
      for( 
      
      size_t E = 
      
      0; E < vPoints.size(); ++E )    
      
      //size_t其实就是一个unsigned int类型
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                        vPoints[E] = Point2f((
      
      float)(E*
      
      5), (
      
      float)(E%
      
      7));
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
             
      
      cout<<
      
      "vPoints[] = \n"<<vPoints<<
      
      endl;
      
      //但是vector点确实可以直接输出的，因为这时候的vector本身就是
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
                                                      
      
      //一个多维（至少2维）Mat了
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
                  }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
           
      
      default:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
              
      
      break;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
              }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
             next_num++;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
      
      return 
      
      0;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      }
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    
  
  

运行结果：

  

        </div>