原文:https://blog.csdn.net/teaandnoodle/article/details/52277935
RMI基本概念
RMI(Remote Method Invocation,远程方法调用)是从java1.1开始实现的,它大大增强了Java开发分布式应用的能力。RMI对接口有着强烈的依赖,在需要创建一个远程对象的时候,我们通过传递一个接口来隐藏基层的实施细节,所以客户得到远程对象的一个句柄时,它们真正得到的是接口句柄,然后本地代码通过接口操作远程对象。通过RMI编写程序可以非常方便的实现分布式Java应用程序。
创建一个远程接口时,必须遵守下列规则:
- 远程接口必须为public属性(不能是“包访问”),否则一旦Client试图装载一个实现了远程接口的远程对象,就会得到一个错误;
- 远程接口必须扩展(extends)接口java.rmi.Remote;
- 除了应用程序本身可能抛出的Exception外,远程接口中的每个方法还必须在自己的throws从句中声明抛出java.rmi.RemoteException(否则运行Server时会抛出java.rmi.server.ExportException);
- 作为参数或返回值传递的一个远程对象必须声明为远程接口,不可声明为实现类。
RMI开发步骤
- 首先创建远程接口并声明远程方法,需要继承自java.rmi.Remote(Client和Server需要共享这个接口);
- 创建远程接口的实现类,这个类必须继承自java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject(只有Server需要这个实现类,Client可以没有);
- 编写Server,绑定端口,注册对象;
- 编写Client,监听端口并查找对象。
实例
编写基本的,要被传输的bean对象(Person),这个对象可以是基本数据类型或者实现了java.io.Serializable的自定义类型。
- package com.liu.models;
- public class Person implements java.io.Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String toString() {
- return "id:" + getId() + " age:" + getAge() + " name:" + getName();
- }
- }
创建远程接口PersonService,这个接口为Server和Client共有的,必须继承自Remote,同时它的所有方法都必须抛出java.rmi.RemoteException。
- package com.liu.models;
- import java.rmi.Remote;
- import java.rmi.RemoteException;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface PersonService extends Remote {
- public List<Person> getPersonList(int n) throws RemoteException;
- }
创建远程接口的实现类PersionServiceImpl,需要继承自UnicastRemoteObject,这个类只需要Server拥有即可。
- package com.liu.models;
- import java.rmi.RemoteException;
- import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
- import java.util.List;
- public class PersonServiceImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements PersonService{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- public PersonServiceImpl() throws RemoteException {
- super();
- }
- @Override
- public List<Person> getPersonList(int n) throws RemoteException {
- System.out.println("Get Persons");
- return Utils.createPersonList(n);
- }
- }
创建Server端代码,绑定特定端口,并注册远程接口的实现类。
- package com.liu.server;
- import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
- import javax.naming.Context;
- import javax.naming.InitialContext;
- import com.liu.models.PersonServiceImpl;
- import com.liu.models.PersonService;
- public class Server {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- PersonService personService = new PersonServiceImpl();
- LocateRegistry.createRegistry(6600);
- //这个方法也可以实现绑定
- //Naming.rebind("rmi://127.0.0.1:6600/PersonService", personService);
- Context namingContext = new InitialContext();
- namingContext.rebind("rmi://127.0.0.1:6600/PersonService", personService);
- System.out.println("Service Start!");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
创建Client端代码,获取远程接口对应的远程实现类,并通过远程接口操作这个远程接口。
- package com.liu.client;
- import java.rmi.Naming;
- import java.util.List;
- import com.liu.models.Person;
- import com.liu.models.PersonService;;
- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args){
- try{
- //远程对象调用的端口和注册类
- PersonService personService=(PersonService)Naming.lookup("rmi://127.0.0.1:6600/PersonService");
- List<Person> personList = personService.getPersonList(5);
- for(Person person : personList){
- System.out.println(person);
- }
- }catch(Exception ex){
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
这里还为实现类添加了一个辅助类用来随机生成Person对象。
- package com.liu.models;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Random;
- import com.liu.models.Person;
- public class Utils {
- public static final Random rand = new Random(47);
- public static final String names[] = {"aaa","bbb","ccc","ddd","eee","fff","ggg"};
- public static List<Person> createPersonList(int n){
- List<Person> list = new ArrayList<>();
- for(int i = 0; i < n;i++){
- Person p = new Person();
- p.setId(i);
- p.setAge(rand.nextInt(100));
- p.setName(names[rand.nextInt(names.length)]);
- list.add(p);
- }
- return list;
- }
- }
如何运行
命令行中运行的方法
首先创建Server和Client文件夹,将com.liu.models. Person.java、com.liu.models.PersonService.java、com.liu.models. PersionServiceImpl.java、com.liu.models.Utils.java以及com.liu.server.Server.java都放入Server文件夹,将com.liu.models.Person.java、com.liu.models. PersonService.java以及com.liu.client.Client.java都放进Client文件夹。
然后在Server文件夹中编译Server:Server> javac com/liu/server/Server.java;
在Client文件夹中编译Client:Client>javac com/liu/client/Client.java;
最后,先启动Server:Server>java com/liu/server/Server;
再运行Client:Client>java com/liu/client/Client。在eclipse下如何运行
创建三个项目,结构如图:
此外,需要在ModelsServer和ModelsClient项目中添加项目models的引用。
最后可以先运行Server,然后再运行Client就会看到和命令行下类似的结果了。
两种可能的错误
- /*
- Person没有实现java.io.Serializable导致的异常
- java.rmi.UnmarshalException: error unmarshalling return; nested exception is:
- java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: com.liu.models.Person
- at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invokeRemoteMethod(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0.getPersonList(Unknown Source)
- at com.liu.client.Client.main(Client.java:14)
- Caused by: java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: com.liu.models.Person
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.util.ArrayList.readObject(Unknown Source)
- at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
- at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeReadObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(Unknown Source)
- at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)
- at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.unmarshalValue(Unknown Source)
- ... 5 more
- */
- /*
- PersonService的远程方法缺少throws RemoteException语句时的异常
- java.rmi.server.ExportException: remote object implements illegal remote interface; nested exception is:
- java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: illegal remote method encountered: public abstract java.util.List com.liu.models.PersonService.getPersonList(int)
- at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.exportObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject.exportObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject.exportObject(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject.<init>(Unknown Source)
- at java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject.<init>(Unknown Source)
- at com.liu.models.PersionServiceImpl.<init>(PersionServiceImpl.java:11)
- at com.liu.server.Server.main(Server.java:14)
- Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: illegal remote method encountered: public abstract java.util.List com.liu.models.PersonService.getPersonList(int)
- at sun.rmi.server.Util.checkMethod(Unknown Source)
- at sun.rmi.server.Util.getRemoteInterfaces(Unknown Source)
- at sun.rmi.server.Util.getRemoteInterfaces(Unknown Source)
- at sun.rmi.server.Util.createProxy(Unknown Source)
- ... 7 more
- */
总结
- 定义远程接口;
- 实现远程接口实现类;
- 定义Client和Server;
- 使用rmic为远程接口生成根(Stub)和干(Skeleton)文件;
- 使用rmiregistry程序开启服务器RMI注册表;
- 运行Server,运行Client。