关于Java多线程和并发运行的学习（四）——之Exchanger

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-11 15:57:44 发布

East_MrChiu

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-11 15:57:44 发布

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分类专栏：多线程并发编程文章标签： java 实例多线程并发 Exchanger

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/East_MrChiu/article/details/39269445

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Exchanger：

可以在对中对元素进行配对和交换的线程的同步点。每个线程将条目上的某个方法呈现给 exchange 方法，与伙伴线程进行匹配，并且在返回时接收其伙伴的对象。Exchanger 可能被视为 SynchronousQueue 的双向形式。Exchanger 可能在应用程序（比如遗传算法和管道设计）中很有用。

可以用于实现两个人之间的数据交换，每个人在完成一定的事务后想要与对方交换数据，第一个先拿出数据的人将一直等待第二个人拿着数据到来时，才能彼此交换数据。

用法实例：以下是重点介绍的一个类，该类使用 Exchanger 在线程间交换缓冲区，因此，在需要时，填充缓冲区的线程获取一个新腾空的缓冲区，并将填满的缓冲区传递给腾空缓冲区的线程：

class FillAndEmpty {
   Exchanger<DataBuffer> exchanger = new Exchanger<DataBuffer>();
   DataBuffer initialEmptyBuffer = ... a made-up type
   DataBuffer initialFullBuffer = ...

   class FillingLoop implements Runnable {
     public void run() {
       DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialEmptyBuffer;
       try {
         while (currentBuffer != null) {
           addToBuffer(currentBuffer);
           if (currentBuffer.isFull())
             currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
         }
       } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ... handle ... }
     }
   }

   class EmptyingLoop implements Runnable {
     public void run() {
       DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialFullBuffer;
       try {
         while (currentBuffer != null) {
           takeFromBuffer(currentBuffer);
           if (currentBuffer.isEmpty())
             currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
         }
       } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ... handle ...}
     }
   }

   void start() {
     new Thread(new FillingLoop()).start();
     new Thread(new EmptyingLoop()).start();
   }
  }

内存一致性效果：对于通过 Exchanger 成功交换对象的每对线程，在每个线程 exchange() 之前的操作 happen-before 从另一线程中相应的 exchange() 返回的后续操作。

（这句话的英文原文：Memory consistency effects: For each pair of threads that successfully exchange objects via an Exchanger, actions prior to the exchange() in each thread happen-before those subsequent to a return from the corresponding exchange() in the other thread. 翻译惨不忍睹，看不懂的看英文琢磨吧。也是蛮无奈的。）

在这里实现一个小案例：

package Multithreading;

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ExchangerTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
		service.execute(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {

					String data1 = "zxx";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "正在把数据" + data1 + "换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
					/*
					 * 等待另一个线程到达此交换点（除非当前线程被中断），
					 * 然后将给定的对象传送给该线程，并接收该线程的对象。
					 */
					String data2 = (String) exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "换回的数据为" + data2);
				} catch (Exception e) {

				}
			}
		});
		service.execute(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {

					String data1 = "lhm";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "正在把数据" + data1 + "换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
					String data2 = (String) exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "换回的数据为" + data2);
				} catch (Exception e) {

				}
			}
		});
	}
}

运行结果：