交换两个元素的值（不使用第三个元素）

异或(^)的方法
异或的运算法则是:相同为0,不同为1, 1 ^ 1 = 0, 1 ^ 0 = 1, 0 ^ 0 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1.

假设 a = 3, b = 5. 先让a = a ^ b = 3 ^ 5 = 011 ^ 101 = 110; b = a ^ b = 110 ^ 101 = 011 (3); a = a ^ b = 110 ^ 011 = 101 (5).

  #include <stdio.h>
  int main()
  {
      int a = 3, b = 5;
      a = a ^ b;
      b = a ^ b;
      a = a ^ b;
      printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
      return 0;
 }