搜索二叉树 C++的实现

需要说明一点的是，此搜索二叉树并没有平衡算法，所以可能会导致有可能出现O(M logN)的最坏情况。

并且几乎所有代码都用递归实现，所以效率并不是太高，并且当N足够大的时候，很多操作都可能导致栈溢出。但是因为对于树的操作用递归描述起来理解上还是比循环好的多，并且以后可以用平衡算法，所以这里都用递归了。

 

搜索二叉树的实现：

 1
  2 #ifndef __BINARY_SEARCH_TREE_H__
  3 #define __BINARY_SEARCH_TREE_H__
  4
  5 template<typename T>
  6 class CBinarySearchTree
  7 {
  8 public:
  9     CBinarySearchTree():mpRoot(NULL) { }
 10     CBinarySearchTree(const CBinarySearchTree& aOrig)
 11     {
 12         mpRoot = Clone(aOrig.mpRoot);
 13     }
 14     ~CBinarySearchTree()
 15     {
 16         MakeEmpty();
 17     }
 18
 19     
 20     // const member function
 21     
 22     const T* FindMin() const;
 23     const T* FindMax() const;
 24
 25     bool Contains( const T& aElement) const;
 26     bool IsEmpty() const
 27     {
 28         return (mpRoot != NULL) ? true : false;
 29     }
 30
 31     // I don't know how to print it in a good format
 32     //void PrintTree() const;
 33
 34     
 35     // non-const member function
 36     
 37     void MakeEmpty();
 38     void Insert( const T& aElement);
 39     void Remove( const T& aElement);
 40
 41     const CBinarySearchTree& operator=(const CBinarySearchTree& aOrig);
 42
 43 private:
 44     struct CBinaryNode
 45     {
 46         CBinaryNode(const T& aElement, CBinaryNode* apLeft, CBinaryNode* apRight)
 47             : mElement(aElement),mpLeft(apLeft),mpRight(apRight) {  }
 48
 49         T mElement;
 50         CBinaryNode *mpLeft;
 51         CBinaryNode *mpRight;
 52     };
 53
 54     // Root Node
 55     CBinaryNode *mpRoot;
 56
 57     
 58     // private member function to call recursively
 59     
 60
 61     // I don't like to use reference to pointer
 62     // so I used pointer to pointer instead
 63     void Insert(const T& aElement, CBinaryNode** appNode) const;
 64     void Remove(const T& aElement, CBinaryNode** appNode) const;
 65
 66     CBinaryNode* FindMin(CBinaryNode* apNode) const;
 67     CBinaryNode* FindMax(CBinaryNode* apNode) const;
 68     bool Contains(const T& aElement, CBinaryNode * apNode) const;
 69     void MakeEmpty(CBinaryNode** apNode);
 70     //void PrintTree(CBinaryNode* apNode) const;
 71     CBinaryNode* Clone(CBinaryNode* apNode) const;
 72
 73 };
 74
 75
 76 template<typename T>
 77 bool CBinarySearchTree::Contains(const T& aElement) const
 78 {
 79     return Contains(aElement, mpRoot);
 80 }
 81
 82 template<typename T>
 83 bool CBinarySearchTree::Contains(const T &aElement, CBinaryNode *apNode) const
 84 {
 85     if( NULL == apNode )
 86     {
 87         return false;
 88     }
 89     else if ( aElement < apNode->mElement )
 90     {
 91         return Contains(aElement, apNode->mpLeft);
 92     }
 93     else if ( aElement > apNode->mElement )
 94     {
 95         return Contains(aElement, apNode->mpRight);
 96     }
 97     else
 98     {
 99         return true;      // Find it
100     }
101 }
102
103 template<typename T>
104 void CBinarySearchTree::Insert(const T &aElement)
105 {
106     Insert(aElement, &mpRoot);
107 }
108
109 template<typename T>
110 void CBinarySearchTree::Insert(const T& aElement, CBinaryNode** appNode) const
111 {
112     CBinaryNode *lpNode = *appNode;
113     if(NULL == lpNode)
114     {
115         *appNode = new CBinaryNode(aElement, NULL, NULL);
116     }
117     else if( aElement < lpNode->mElement )
118     {
119         Insert(aElement, &(lpNode->mpLeft) );
120     }
121     else if( aElement > lpNode->mElement)
122     {
123         Insert(aElement, &(lpNode->mpRight) );
124     }
125
126     // had not deal with duplicate
127 }
128
129 template<typename T>
130 void CBinarySearchTree::Remove(const T &aElement)
131 {
132     Remove(aElement, &mpRoot);
133 }
134
135 template<typename T>
136 void CBinarySearchTree::Remove(const T &aElement, CBinaryNode** appNode) const
137 {
138     CBinaryNode* lpNode = *appNode;
139     if(NULL == lpNode)
140     {
141         return;       // Item removing is not exist
142     }
143
144     if( aElement < lpNode->mElement )
145     {
146         Remove(aElement, &(lpNode->mpLeft) );
147     }
148     else if( aElement > lpNode->mElement )
149     {
150         Remove(aElement, &(lpNode->mpRight) );
151     }
152     else if( NULL != lpNode->mpLeft && NULL != lpNode->mpRight) // Two children
153     {
154         lpNode->mElement = FindMin(lpNode->mpRight)->mElement;
155         Remove( lpNode->mElement, &(lpNode->mpRight) );
156     }
157     else
158     {
159         CBinaryNode *lpOldNode = lpNode;
160         // Even if lpNode equal NULL, this is still the right behavior we need
161         // Yeah,When lpNode have no children,we make lpNode equal NULL
162         *appNode = (lpNode->mpLeft != NULL) ? lpNode->mpLeft : lpNode->mpRight;
163         delete lpOldNode;
164     }
165 }
166
167
168 template<typename T>
169 const T* CBinarySearchTree::FindMin() const
170 {
171     CBinaryNode* lpNode = FindMin(mpRoot);
172     return (lpNode != NULL) ? &(lpNode->mElement) : NULL;
173 }
174
175
176 // damn it! So redundant words to fit to C++ syntax
177 // the only way to fix this problom is compositing defines and declares
178 // I even doubt that are there programmers could write it right
179 template<typename T>
180 typename CBinarySearchTree::CBinaryNode * CBinarySearchTree::FindMin(CBinaryNode* apNode) const
181 {
182     if( NULL == apNode)
183     {
184         return NULL;
185     }
186     else if( NULL == apNode->mpLeft)
187     {
188         // Find it
189         return apNode;
190     }
191     else 
192     {
193         return FindMin(apNode->mpLeft);
194     }
195 }
196
197 template<typename T>
198 const T* CBinarySearchTree::FindMax() const
199 {
200     CBinaryNode* lpNode = FindMax(mpRoot);
201     return (lpNode != NULL) ? &(lpNode->mElement) : NULL;
202 }
203
204 template<typename T>
205 typename CBinarySearchTree::CBinaryNode * CBinarySearchTree::FindMax(CBinaryNode* apNode) const
206 {
207     if( NULL == apNode)
208     {
209         return NULL;
210     }
211     else if( NULL == apNode->mpRight)
212     {
213         // Find it
214         return apNode;
215     }
216     else 
217     {
218         return FindMax(apNode->mpRight);
219     }
220 }
221
222 template<typename T>
223 void CBinarySearchTree::MakeEmpty()
224 {
225     MakeEmpty(&mpRoot);
226 }
227
228
229 template<typename T>
230 void CBinarySearchTree::MakeEmpty(CBinaryNode** appNode)
231 {
232     CBinaryNode* lpNode = *appNode;
233     if( lpNode != NULL)
234     {
235         MakeEmpty( &(lpNode->mpLeft) );
236         MakeEmpty( &(lpNode->mpRight) );
237         delete lpNode;
238     }
239
240     *appNode = NULL;
241 }
242
243 // how long the syntax is...............
244 template<typename T>
245 const CBinarySearchTree& CBinarySearchTree::operator =(const CBinarySearchTree &aOrig)
246 {
247     if(&aOrig == this)
248     {
249         return *this;
250     }
251
252     MakeEmpty();
253     mpRoot = Clone(aOrig.mpRoot);
254
255     return *this;
256
257 }
258
259 // when you use nest class and template both,you will find out how long the C++ syntax is.....
260 // I use it once,I ask why couldn't we have a short once again.
261 template<typename T>
262 typename CBinarySearchTree::CBinaryNode* CBinarySearchTree::Clone(CBinaryNode *apNode) const
263 {
264     if(NULL == apNode)
265     {
266         return NULL;
267     }
268
269     // abuse recursion
270     return new CBinaryNode(apNode->mElement, Clone(apNode->mpLeft), Clone(apNode->mpRight));
271 }
272
273
274
275
276 #endif // __BINARY_SEARCH_TREE_H__

 

 

测试代码：

 1 #include
 2 #include "BinarySearchTree.h"
 3 using namespace std;
 4
 5 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
 6 {
 7     CBinarySearchTree<int> loTree;
 8
 9     loTree.Insert(10);
10     loTree.Insert(20);
11     loTree.Insert(30);
12     loTree.Insert(40);
13     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  "<20) <14     loTree.Remove(40);
15     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <16     loTree.Remove(30);
17     loTree.Remove(20);
18     loTree.Remove(10);
19
20
21     loTree.Insert(40);
22     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <23     loTree.Insert(30);
24     loTree.Insert(20);
25     loTree.Insert(10);
26     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <27     loTree.Remove(40);
28     loTree.Remove(30);
29     loTree.Remove(20);
30     loTree.Remove(10);
31
32     loTree.Insert(30);
33     loTree.Insert(40);
34     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <35     loTree.Insert(10);
36     loTree.Insert(20);
37     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <38     CBinarySearchTree<int> loTree2 = loTree;
39     cout <<"Min: " <<*loTree2.FindMin() <<" Max: " <<*loTree2.FindMax() <<" IsContains(20)  " <20) <40
41     loTree.MakeEmpty();
42
43
44
45     system("pause");
46     return 0;
47 }